For Whom The Bell Tolls Essay -- Literary Analysis, Ernest Hemingway

The novel For Whom the Bell Tolls, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a story of passionate love throughout the brutality of the Spanish Civil War. Hemingway uses his in-person experiences to portray the true meaning and feeling of this book. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, a suburb of Chicago, Illinois. The neighborhood he grew up in was straight-laced and rigidly Protestant. Hemingway started his literary career publishing his work in his school magazine. Later on in life-time, he signed up to unify the military in World War II, but was rejected due to his defective left eye from birth. Instead, he enlisted in the Missouri National arrest and remained on the lookout for opportunities to progress to the front. In 1918, he sailed to Europe to become an ambulance driver in Northern Italy. There, Hemingway was dangerously injured and while in the infirmary fell in love with his nurse, Agnes Hannah Von Kurowsky. She was the model that Hemingway used as Catherine Barkley in A Farewell To Arms. In 1919, he returned to Oak Park and earned a medal for his valor in Italy. He and his wife had their first son, John, in October 1923. Three years later, in 1926, Hemingway published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises. Sadly, on December 6, 1928, he learned that his father had committed suicide. Years later, during his divorce with his second wife, he wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls and it was published in October of 1940. The next month, Hemingway married his trio wife, Martha Gellhorn. In 1944, he traveled to London and not only fell in love with Mary Welsh, but was involved in a serious car accident and was thought to be dead. In 1945, his third marriage failed and later that year was in yet another severe c... ... brutality of the Spanish Civil War. Hemingways simplistic language style, war imagery, mountainous setting, and theme of a heroic protagonist all contribute to his personal experiences in life and at war. Muc h of his style resembles the personal experiences he had in life with family, love, and war. The imagery that is applied in this piece of literature mirrors what Hemingway had seen and imagined during his service in Italy and his experiences during the relationships which he partook. The setting represents the area in which Hemingway had seen and envisioned Spain. The various themes of this story describe Hemingways political views on war and outlook on the morals of life. In conclusion, the qualities that Ernest Hemingway possesses in his writing skills are truly remarkable and they are evidently depicted in this amazing piece of classic literature.

In this Strage Labyrinth :: Literary Analysis, Wroth

In her poem, In this strange labyrinth, Wroth compares f aloneing in love to a puzzling tangle in which there are two ways out, to run from the perplexing adventure or to give in and be captivated by the vivid passion. She does non play it off as an easy feat, except instead shows the true struggles of a woman weighing her options between an easy decision and the hard, decent one. She clearly shows her confusion and struggle to accept that she cannot flee from the love her suitor offers.The author sets the scene by alluding to King Minos maze. The speaker does not get laid whether to seek out the Minotaur, or her love, or to run from it, even though she realizes she must face the beast at some point. The opening line sets the intent for the first half confused and uncertain. She sees all these different paths in this cold, dark, empty setting that she could take, but doesnt know which to follow. The word strange here does not make it seem like she is scared of the feeling, but it is baffling her (1). Because the poem was written in the early 1600s, it is understandable that she doesnt know what to think because it was noble-minded that one was gifted with truly falling in love. The meter starts in iambic pentameter but fluctuates throughout the sonnet to show the deep vacillation the parting is experiencing. The second line shows the first irregular meter. While the way I miss is anapestic and spoken rapidly, accurately allowing a peek into the personas head and seeing her anxiety about the choice she must make. Now she is at a fork in the maze. If she continues on she would accept the love for all its good and bad, but to turn around would be to run away. To the right is her suitor, whom she must face headlong and receive the love he offers. She thinks this love result burn her, or mark her (3). The speaker knows that you cannot come out of an experience with love without some change or alteration to the emotion of a person, but she is unsure if this is the safe path for her heart and emotions. If she goes forward, she would be to rush headlong into the inferno, where the danger is (4). Danger here not only means she will light upon her heart to potential harm, but she will also be at the mercy of her lover and his wishes.

A Habit of Being Great: Learning From Flannery O?Connor :: essays research papers fc

There she stands, to me, a phoenix risen from her own words calm, slow, funny, courteous, both modest and truly sure of herself, intense, sharply penetrating, devout but never pietistic, downright, occasionally fierce, and honest in a way that restore to honor to the word, this is how Sally Fitzgerald expound her dear friend bloody shame Flannery OConnor. (xii) Not to long ago, I read my first Mary Flannery OConnor story and I came to view Mary Flannery OConnor as an artist whose key subject was grace, but what are these stories, these works of art truly about, what is Flannery O Connor trying to tell the readers. In effectuate to interpret a story though the eyes of an author like Flannery OConnor you must first look through the eyes of the author. You must ensure what he/she sees. It would be unequivocal to believe that a person can truly understand another by studying them, but I stimulate learned a great deal in trying to do so. Mary Flannery OConnor wrote about grace and salvation, and has taught me about finding truth I attribute the lessons she has taught me to, the way she viewed herself, the way others viewed her, her writings, and many other effects. Mary Flannery OConnor was confident, modest, and honest. She often criticized herself. She once referred to herself as prematurely arrogant in a letter to her friend, Paul Engle. (Fitzgerald 14) Flannery described herself as a pigeon-toed only child with a receding chin and a you-leave-me-alone-or-Ill-bite-you complex.(Wikipedia) Even with all of her self-critizism, she was self-confident. She was quite arrogant and lead her to write what I believe is her greatest work, The Artifical Nigger. What she often described as proably the best thing she would ever write , The Artifical Nigger a story that she contains more than she herself ever understood.(Fitzgerald xviii) She was witty and quick to tell you exactly what she thought. In OConnors letters she never lied not stock-still to spare the feeling s of those she was in correspondence with. She lived a seemly boring life, but was always lively and sharp until the day she died. Many people love her and she adored them as well,but the person who knew OConnor best would have to be Sally Fitzgerald. It is though her eyes that I see who the true Mary Flannery OConnor was. It is snuff it that even though OConnor lived a sheltered life she still was a people.

The Health Benefits of Yoga Essays -- yoga, health benefits, meditation

Yoga is a practice that anyone of any age can complete anywhere at anytime. It originated in ancient India and is estimated to be nearly five thousand years old. Through yoga, one is able to find his or her path to peaceful bliss inside him or her self (Finney 25). The encephalon and the body become balanced with each other, giving one the sense of enlightenment (The Magic of...Meditation). Depending on the styles and poses a soulfulness is to choose, yoga benefits a person not only physically, but mentally as well.Any gender at any age or health direct has the capability to do yoga because it has various styles, poses, and tempos at which they are performed. Different yoga postures have specific effects on breaking up obstacles in your body, so that a force called prana is able to penetrate more lately. Prana is a life force that gives the mind more clarity, so that one is able to think more all the way and thoroughly about things. Through yoga, prana is moved, and it makes the body move and feel better. While in different yoga poses, prana is spread through the body because with each intake of breath, it is pushed deep into the body. Breathing acts as a motor, and it helps prana flow through the body (The Magic of...Meditation).There are thousands of different varieties of yoga, which is how it helps a large sum of people in a diverse number of ways. One style is called Ananda. This yoga gains control over delicate energies in the body. It helps spiritual growth while it releases unwanted tension. The Ananda poses are designed to bring energy upwards to the brain, and through these poses, harmony is brought to the body, mind, and emotions (Cook).A unique style of yoga, called Bikram yoga, focuses on breathing and concentrating, and it re... ... and deeds- let there be double-dyed(a)ion. What is a perfect act? One that brings some benefit to somebody and no harm to anybody. The reward of service is the joy of having served. When you have that joy, the m ind is always calm and dispassionate (Finney 35). This quote shows the relationship as a whole between yoga and the benefits it brings into ones life. Yoga is enjoyable, relaxing, and very beneficial. It eases tension in the body and mind, and helps one to have a more positive outlook on life. No matter which style of yoga one is to choose, there will be some sort of benefit. One should corroborate in mind to pay attention to their breath to monitor their feelings and try to be as relaxed as possible to comfort the relationship between the mind and body. Depending on the styles and poses a person is to choose, yoga benefits a person not only physically, but mentally as well.

The Impact of the Automobile on the United States Essay -- Automobiles

The Impact of the Automobile on the United States The railroad car has had a profound impact on the United States. It has brought ussuperhighways, paved bridges, motels, vacations, suburbia, and the economical growthwhich accompanied them. Today, the automotive industry and nformer(a) one million relatedindustries employ about twenty percent of all American workers. The US produces moreautomobiles than every other rural area combined. This product has become a symbol of theAmerican way of life. The US is sometimes referred to as a nation on wheels. Considering these facts, one must wonder what the United States was like before therevolutionary innovation of the automobile. The first automobile was invented by a French gunslinger officer, Nicholas JosephCugnot. His self-propelled vehicle was powered by steam. Other models ofsteam-powered automobiles were created by different innovators, but these models wereeventually made obsolete by the internal-combustion powered rail road car invented by Jean JosephEtienne Lenior. This technology reached the United States when Charles and FrankDuryea made the first successful American gasoline automobile. Ransom Eli Olds had theearliest assembly line for automobiles and began hoi polloi production. Later, Henry interbreedingsModel T dominated the car industry and remained the most popular automobile for nearlytwenty years. In the early days of the automobile, there was not a real automotive industry. Onlya few hundred cars were made in the early years of automobile manufacturing. They werevery seldom seen and only could be afforded by the wealthy. The car was such anunfamiliar spectacle, it was sometimes featured in circuses. Eventually, the car began toincrease in popularity. During the 1920s, the US economy was on the rise and one of the main reasonswas the automobile. Assembly lines were becoming more efficient, thus, admitting cars tobe made more cheaply and allowing prices of cars to drop. From 19 09 to 1925, the priceof a Ford Model T dropped from $950 to $290. This allowed more people to be able toafford them. Millions were sold. The automobile, once a rare luxury, was becoming apart of American life. It had a ripple effect on US industries. With the increase inautomobiles, came an increase in related products. Large quantities of glass, rubber andsteel were needed t... ...nvolved with the safety of Americans. some(prenominal) actions by the governmentsuch as the seatbelt requirement and the establishment of the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) have made the automobile safer for the general public. The automobile has had many a(prenominal) different effects on the United States, both good andbad. In the future it will continue to shape our culture, commerce and surroundings.Works Cited1Thomas DiBacco, Lorna Mason, Christian Appy, story of the United States, vol. 2 (Evanston McDougal Littell Inc.), p. 324.2John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 89-92.3John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 96.4John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 188.5John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 89-90.6American Lung affiliation of California, , 13 April 2001.7National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, , 14 April 2001.

The Impact of the Automobile on the United States Essay -- Automobiles

The Impact of the motorcar on the United States The automobile has had a profound meet on the United States. It has brought ussuperhigh moods, paved bridges, motels, vacations, suburbia, and the economic growthwhich accompanied them. Today, the automotive industry and nearly one million relatedindustries employ well-nigh twenty percent of all American workers. The US produces moreautomobiles than every other nation combined. This product has become a symbol of theAmerican way of life. The US is sometimes referred to as a nation on wheels. Considering these facts, one must wonder what the United States was like before therevolutionary innovation of the automobile. The outset automobile was invented by a French artillery officer, Nicholas JosephCugnot. His self-propelled vehicle was powered by steam. Other models ofsteam-powered automobiles were created by different innovators, but these models were finally make obsolete by the internal-combustion powered car invented by Je an JosephEtienne Lenior. This technology reached the United States when Charles and FrankDuryea made the first successful American flatulency automobile. Ransom Eli Olds had theearliest assembly line for automobiles and began mass production. Later, Henry FordsModel T dominated the car industry and remained the most prevalent automobile for nearlytwenty years. In the early days of the automobile, there was not a real automotive industry. Onlya few c cars were made in the early years of automobile manufacturing. They werevery seldom seen and only could be afforded by the wealthy. The car was such anunfamiliar spectacle, it was sometimes feature in circuses. Eventually, the car began toincrease in popularity. During the 1920s, the US economy was on the rise and one of the main reasonswas the automobile. Assembly lines were becoming more efficient, thus, admitting cars tobe made more cheaply and allowing prices of cars to drop. From 1909 to 1925, the priceof a Ford Model T dropped from $950 to $290. This allowed more people to be able toafford them. Millions were sold. The automobile, once a rarefied luxury, was becoming apart of American life. It had a ripple effect on US industries. With the increase inautomobiles, came an increase in related products. salient quantities of glass, rubber andsteel were needed t... ...nvolved with the safety of Americans. Many actions by the governmentsuch as the seatbelt requirement and the establishment of the Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) dedicate made the automobile safer for the general public. The automobile has had many different effects on the United States, both good andbad. In the future it will concern to shape our culture, commerce and surroundings.Works Cited1Thomas DiBacco, Lorna Mason, Christian Appy, History of the United States, vol. 2 (Evanston McDougal Littell Inc.), p. 324.2John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 89-92.3John Rae, The Amer ican Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 96.4John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 188.5John Rae, The American Automobile Industry, (Boston G.K. Hall & Company), p. 89-90.6American Lung Association of California, , 13 April 2001.7National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, , 14 April 2001.

Coffee Ulbs Essay

Coffee is a brewed beverage with a distinct essence and flavor from the roasted seeds of the coffea plant. Coffee comes in many types of colour such as dark brown,white,beige,black,light brown,and more. Coffee was first discovered in the atomic number 10 region of Ethopia. Cofee cultivation first took place in southern Arabia,appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of Yemen. According to the ancient chronicle,Omar who was know for his ability to cure sick through prayer was once exiled from Mocha,Yemen to a desert cave near Ousab.Starving,Omar chewed berries from nearby shrubbery but found them to the bitter. He tested roast the seeds to improve the flavor,but they become hard. He then tried boiling them to soften the seeds,which resulted in a fragrant brown liquid. Upon drinking the liquid,Omar was revitalized and prolong for days. As stories of this miracle drug reached Mocha,Omar was asked to return and was made a saint. In production of coffee,it consist of many steps such as processing,roasting,grading the roasting seeds,decaffeination, lined,brewing and finally be served.When processing the coffee,the berries of coffee have been traditionally and selectively picked by hand,only the berries at the peak of ripeness would be selected. After that,green coffee is process by one of 2 methods. Whether by dry process method or wet process method. Then,it will be sorted by ripeness and colour. After that,the seeds are fermented to remove the pitiable layer of mucilage still present on the seeds. When the fermentation is finished,the seeds are washed to remove the fermentation residue. Then,the seeds are dried.Finally,the coffee is sorted again and been labeled. The roasting process influences the smack of the beverage by changing the coffee seed both physically and chemically. During roasting,caramelization occurs as intense heat that breaks down starches,changing them to simple sugars that come out to brown,which alters the colour of seeds. Then the seeds will be grading depends on the colour of roasting seeds. It will be labeled as light,medium light,medium,medium dark,dark or very dark. The storey of roast has an effect upon coffee flavor and body.Many methods can remove the caffeine from coffee,but all involve either soaking the green seeds in igneous peeing or steaming them and using a solvent to dissolve caffeine that containing oils. Once roasted,coffee seeds must be stored properly to preserve the fresh taste of the seeds. Coffee seeds must be ground and brewed to create a beverage. Almost all methods of preparing coffee require the seeds to be ground and mixed with hot water long enough to extract the flavor,but without overextraction that draws out bitter compounds.The roasted coffee may be ground at a roaster,in a grocery store or in the home. Then,the coffee may be brewed by several methods such as boiled,steeped,or pressurized. Once brewed,coffee may be served in a commixture of ways. As an examp le,the white coffee was made into dairy product such as milk or cream or dairy substitute or as a black coffee with no such addition. It may be sweetened with sugar or artificial sweetener.

Adlerian Group Therapy Essay

According to Glanz and Hayes (1967) sort Counseling and assembly terapy are almost contradictory concepts to he individual non familiar with the detailed practices present and groups, counceling, and therapy. multiple counseling, group counselling, and the lmost interchangeble use of counseling and psychotherapy have added to the uncertainty of the dimensions and true nature of these new concepts.Adlerian in radical CounselingAccording to Corey (202) Adler was a politic whollyy and favorablely oriented psychiatrist who showed great concern for the common psyche. Indeed, many of his early clients were working-class people who struggled to moderate a living, raise and educate their children, and make a difference in society. Part of Adlers mission was to bring psychological understanding to the general race and to translate psychological concepts into practical methods for helping a varied population meet the ch all in allenges of everyday life. Alfred Adler made signifi cant c ontributions to contemporary therapeutic practice. Adler thinkd in the social nature of human beings, and he was interested in working with clients in a group context.He established more than 30 child guidance clinics in which he pioneered live demonstrations by interviewing children, adults, teachers, and parents in front of community groups. He was the fi rst psychiatrist to use group methods in a systematic style in child guidance centers in the 1920s in Vienna. To fully appreciate the development of the practice of Adlerian psychology, one must recognize the contributions of Rudolf Dreikurs, who was largely amenable for extending and popularizing Adlers work and transplanting Adlers ideas to the United States. He did a great deal to translate Adlerian principles into the practice of group psychotherapy, and he used group psychotherapy in his private practice for more than 40 years (see Dreikurs, 1960, 1967, 1997). Dreikurs developed and refi ned Adlers concepts into a clear-c ut, teachable system with practical applications for family life, education, preventive genial health, and, especially, group psychotherapy (Terner & Pew, 1978).Dreikurs was a key fi gure in developing the Adlerian family education centers in the United States. Work with children and their parents in a group setting paved the way for Dreikurss pioneering group psychotherapy.It is believed that Dreikurs was the fi rst person to use group therapy in a private practice. Adlerian interventions have been widely applied to diverse client populations of all ages in many different settings. Adlerian group therapy is an integration of key concepts of Adlerian psychology with socially constructed, systemic, and brief approaches based on the holistic model developed by Dreikurs (Sonstegard & Bitter, 2004).Objectives of Adlerian company TherapyEstablishing and maintaining an emphatic race amidst clients and counselor that is based on mutual trust and respect and in which the client feels un derstood and accepted by the group. Providing a therapeutic climate in which clients can come to understand their basics beliefs and feelings about themselves and discover why those beliefs are faulty. helping clients develop perceptivity into their mistaken goals and self-defeating behaviors through a ferment of confrontatio and interpretation. assisting clients in discovering alternatives and encouraging them to make choices that is, put sagacitys into action. Group provides a mirror of persons behavior.Group members both recieve and give help.TechniquesTHE FAMILY CONSTELLATION Adler considered the family of origin as having a central impact on an individuals personality. Adler suggested that it was through the family constellation that each person forms his or her unique view of self, others, and life. Factors such as cultural and familial values, gender-role expectations, and the nature of interpersonal relationships are all infl uenced by a childs observation of the fundamen tal interactional patterns within the family. Adlerian assessment relies heavily on an exploration of the clients family constellation, including the clients evaluation of conditions that prevailed in the family when the person was a young child (family atmosphere), birth order, parental relationship and family values, and extended family and culture.EARLY RECOLLECTIONS As you will recall, another assessment procedure used by Adlerians is to use up the client to provide his or her earliest memories, including the age of the person at the time of the remembered events and the feelings or reactions associated with the recollections. Early recollections are one-time occurrences pictured by the client in clear detail. Adler reasoned that out of the millions of early memories we might have we select those special memories that project the essential convictions and even the basic mistakes of our lives. Early recollections are a series of small mysteries that can be woven together and pro vide a tapestry that leads to an understanding of how we view ourselves, how we see the world, what our life goals are, what motivates us, what we value and believe in, and what we anticipate for our future (Clark, 2002 Mosak & Di Pietro, 2006).BIRTH OEDER AND SIBLING RELATIONSHIP The Adlerian approach is unique in giving special attention to the relationships between siblings and the psychological birth short letter in ones family. Adler identified five psychological posts, or vantage points, from which children tend to view life oldest, second of only two, middle, youngest, and only.Stages of the Alerian Group Therapy microscope stage 1 ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAININGCOHESIVE RELATIONSHIPS WITH MEMBERSIn the initial stage the emphasis is on establishing a good therapeutic relationship based on cooperation, collaboration, egalitarianism, and mutual respect. By attendance to the relationship from the first session, counselors are laying a foundation for cohesive ness and connection. Adlerians hold that the successful outcomes of the other group stages are based on establishing and maintaining a strong therapeutic relationship at the initial stage of counseling (Watts & Eckstein, 2009). Group participants are encouraged to be active in the process because they are responsible for their own participation in the group. The group situation provides sample opportunity to work on trust issues and to strengthen the relationship between member and leader. Also, by witnessing positive changes in peers, participants can see how well the group works.STAGE 2 ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT (EXPLORING THE INDIVIDUALS DYNAMICS)The come of the second stage is twofold understanding ones lifestyle and seeing how it is affecting ones current functioning in all the tasks of life (Mosak & Maniacci, 2011). During this assessment stage, emphasis is on the individual in his or her social and cultural context. Adlerians do not try to fi t clients into a gestate model rather, they allow sal ient cultural identity concepts to emerge and attend to a clients personal meaning of culture (Carlson & Englar-Carlson, 2008). The leader may begin by exploring how the participants are functioning at work and in social situations and how they feel about themselves and their gender-role identities.STAGE 3 AWARENESS AND INSIGHTWhereas the classical analytic position is that personality cannot change unless there is insight, the Adlerian view is that insight is a special form of awareness that facilitates a meaningful understanding within the counseling relationship and acts as a foundation for change. Yet this awareness is not, in and of itself, enough to bring about signifi cant change. It is a means to an end, not an end in itself. According to Carlson and Englar-Carlson (2008), the Adlerian approach is both insight oriented and action oriented. Although insight into our problems can be useful, it is essential that this awareness leads to constructive movement toward desired goals . It is to be noted that people can make abrupt and signifi cant changes without much insight.STAGE 4 REORIENTATION AND REEDUCATIONThe end product of the group process is change of direction and reeducation. The reorientation stage consists of both the group leaders and the members working together to challenge erroneous beliefs about self, life, and others. The emphasis is on considering alternative beliefs, behaviors, and attitudes. During this stage, members put insight into action, making new choices that are more consistent with their desired goals (Carlson & Englar-Carlson, 2008). There is a change in members attitudes toward their current life situation and the problems they need to solve. This reorientation is an educational experience. Adlerian groups are characterized by an attempt to reorient faulty living patterns and teach a better understanding of the principles that result in cooperative interaction (Sonstegard & Bitter, 2004). One of the aims is teaching participant s how to become more effective in dealing with the tasks of life. Another aim is challenging and encouraging clients to take risks and make changes.ReferencesCorey, G. (2012), Theories And Practice of Group Couneling Eight edition. United States, 2008 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning.Corey, G. (2009), Theories And Practice of Counseling and Psychoterapy. United States, 2005 Thomson Brooks/Cole.z

Individual Behaviour

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MSC 42102 Individual Processes locating and determine Organizational conduct Submitted To Submitted By Dr. Pramod PathakAjit Vinod Kujur Manwendra Prakash Anshul Rawat Prateek Purty Prateeksha Maurya Individual Processes Individual behavior is how we as individuals behave ourselves. This behavior is subject to many someoneal traits as well as habits, care fors, perceptions, and other qualities and features. mess make assumptions about those whom they make believe with, supervise, or spend time with in leisure cropivities.To some extent, these assumptions influence the persons behavior towards others. Effective employees hear what affects their own behavior before attempting to influence the behavior of others. Individual behavior is the foundation of governmental performance. Understanding individual behavior, therefore, is crucial for effective management. Each person is a physiological system composed of a shape of subsystems- attitudes, percepti on, personality, needs, values and feelings. Attitude A tendency to feel & behave in a detail office towards objects, people or events. Characteristics Remain unchanged for a long period unless influenced by external forces * Evaluative statements favorable orunfavorable Components * cognitive the opinions, values orbeliefs of an individual * Affective the feelings of a person towards something * Behavioral the intention of a person to behave in a particular way Sources ofAttitude * Attitudes are acquired by parents, teachers,& peer group members * Individuals are willing to modify theirbehavior & shape their attitude to match with the opinion leader * Attitude can be changed by providing feedbackTypes ofAttitude * Job triumph * The pleasurable or positive emotional state that results when an individual evaluates his problem or job experience. Dimensions * It is an emotional response to a job. * The satisfaction that an individual derives from hisjob depends on the extent to which outcomes meet his expectations. * Job satisfaction reflects other attitudes of employee. * 6 dimensions (P. C. Smith, L. M Kendall, C. L. Hulin) i. e. 1) The work 2) The pay 3) Promotion 4) Opportunity 5) Supervision 6) Co-worker 7) Working conditions Job Involvement * The extent to which person identifies himself psychologically with his job, actively participates in it & considers that his performance in the job contribute to his self worth * Organizational Commitment * An employees satisfaction with a particularorganization & its goals OC is affected by a number of * Personal variables employees age, attitude towards job. * Organizational variables job design, leadership style of the superior. John P. Meyer & Natalie J. Allen gave 3 component rooml i. . * Affective commitment It is concerned with employees emotional attachment & involvement with the organization * Continuance commitment It is influenced by the costs that could accrue to the employee if he leaves the org * Normative commitment It refers to the extent to which an employee feels obliged to pass off in the organization. Functions of Attitudes * The adjustment function * People modify their attitudes to adjust to their work environment * When fair treatment is given positive attitude When treatment is not good negative attitude * Ego-defensive function * Attitudes help employee to defend their selfimage when mistake identified protects their ego * The value expressive function * Values can be expressed through attitudes E. g. if mgr wants employee to work hard may tell company has a tradition of hard work. * The knowledge function * Attitudes act as a standard of reference which allows people to understand & explain their environment. E. g. Union leaders attitude towards management based on past.Attitudes & uniformity * People may change their attitude do not contradict their action * If any discrepancy arises, individuals will try to bridge the discrepancy by developing a rational explanation forthe discrepancy. Cognitive Dissonance Theory Leon Festinger (1950s) * Cognitive dissonance Incompatibility that an individual may perceive between 2 or more of his attitudes or between his behavior and attitude. * Emotional dissonance Conflict between the emotions an individual experiences & emotions he needs to expressAn individual can overcompensate with dissonance either by * Sticking to his attitude * Give up his attitude * Change the attitude Values Values are enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence. Values in the Workplace * Stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences * Define right or wrong, good or regretful * Value system hierarchy of values Values and Behavior Habitual behavior usually lucid with values, but conscious behavior less so because values are abstract constructs * Decisions and be havior are linked to values when * Mindful of our values have logical reasons to apply values in that feature * Situation does not interfere Values Congruence * Used where two or more entities have similar value systems * Problems with incongruence * Incompatible decisions * Lower satisfaction/loyalty * Higher stress and turnover Benefits of incongruence * Better decision making (diverse perspectives) * Avoids corporate cultsValues across Cultures Individualism and Collectivism * Degree that people value duty to their group (collectivism) versus independence and person uniqueness (individualism) * Previously considered opposites, but unrelated i. e. possible to value high individualism and high collectivism ethical Behavior Ethical Behavior means acting in ways consistent with ones personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society. Qualities Required for Ethical Decision-making * The competence to identify ethical issues and evaluate the consequences of alternative courses of action. The self-confidence to seek out different opinions about the issue and decide what is right in terms of a situation. * Tough-mindedness the willingness to make decisions when all that needs to be known cannot be known and when the ethical issue has no established, unambiguous solution. Values, morals & Ethical Behavior * Value Systems systems of beliefs that affect what the individual defines as right, good, and fair * Ethics reflects the way values are acted out * Ethical behavior actions consistent with ones values

The Making of the Writer, Richard Wright

The making of the writer, Richard Wright In Richard Wright? s autobiography Black Boy Wright describes his lifespan from a very young boy to his primaeval twenties. He gives us a good perspective on what it is similar to be a black person in the 1920? s. just not entirely that, he gives us a very good perspective on what it is like to be an individual. How did Wright become a writer? What tear downts in this have got depict why Wright became a writer? Wright discovers the power of words at a young age and is a rebellious little kid. He kills a purge over one of his father? careless comments, Kill that damn thing, Do anything, but defecate it apart from here. He gets drunk in a bar and starts whispering words he does not know to some of the women in the bar, .. for a penny or nickel, I would repeat to anyone whatever was whispered to me. He writes bad words he learns from his classmates on almost all the windows in the neighborhood without knowing what they mean. And when his grandma is cleaning his ass he says to her, When you get through, kiss back there. When Wright gets new words and behaveions he uses them before knowing what they mean.It is like you could give him a detonator to a washout and he would push the button before asking what the button was for. But after all the punishment he gets for all the events he learns little by little that he need to think before speaking. It is not only from his family that he learns that, it is mostly strangers. Like when he was out on delivery for the garb store and his bike brakes. Some white folks offer him a ride back to town, Wright says yes. When they offer him a drink he says Oh, no. He gets a whiskey bottle smashed between his eyes. The white man says Nigger, ain? you learned no better sense? n that yet. own(prenominal)? t you learned to say sir to a white man yet. Wright realizes little by little that words are weapons and you get punished if you involve the wrong person. Wright learns the powe r of words the tough way with beating and punishments. But when Wright discovers books, it changes his life. The first real story Wright writes is in 8th grade, the story is called The Voodoo of nut house? s Half-Acre. When the kids at inculcate read the story in the newspaper they asked Wright why he wrote it and they think he copied it out of a book.He doesnt get any support from his family neither. Nobody in his society escorts why he wants to become a writer. It sounds like it is the stupidest thing they ever heard. When Wright gets Ella to reads him a story from the book she is carrying, it is like a new reality to him. She whispered to me the story of Bluebeard and His Seven Wives and I ceased to see the porch, the sunshine, her face, everything. As her words fell upon my new ears, I indue them with a reality that welled up from somewhere within me.The story is so intriguing to him that he vows to himself that when he is old enough, he is buying all the novels he basin. N othing could change his mind after that. Wright realizes that books are a better reality that the reality he is living in now. It is his way of dreaming away from all the misery he is living in. But how is Wright so determined when most of the people he knows make fun of him and dont understand why he wants to become a writer. Why rouse? t he just be like his family and the society around him wants him to be? Where is he getting all this inspiration? Anything seemed possible, likely, feasible, because I wanted everything to be possible Because I had no power to make things happen outside of me in the intention world, I made things happen within. It? s like he lives in his own nutshell, with windows and a door. He knows whats outside and he even goes outside sometimes. But he just waits to find his place in society so he can leave his nutshell, come out and express everything on his mind. He hopes the north can give him that. The rumors Wright hears that in the north black people a re treated better than in the south.This makes Wright drops out of school so he can work more than and save up more money to travel up there. When he gets there he is by himself for the first time in his life. No family or friends, we see that Wright is maturing and acting more like a man and not like the boy he used to be. When Wright first meets Mrs. Moss and her daughter Bess, he is really uncomfortable. He has no previous experience on how to deal with them. Mrs. Moss is like the complete opposite to his mother. But we see that during the stay in Memphis, he has more of a chance to stand up for himself.He handles Bess? s overwhelming crush and establishes a workable kindred for all of them. Wright handles it like a more mature person. There is a transition from Richard as a boy to Mr. Wright, the writer he became when he wrote this book, cardinal points of view going into one. When Wright gets help from his Catholic coworker to get a library card he finally fulfills his vow t o himself to read all the novels he can get his hands on. This is the real beginning to his self-education. He reads and reads, every day he reads. He gets to know all the writers.It is like he is swimming in parallel universes, but instead of universes he is swimming in different peoples? minds. I was jarred and shocked by the style, the clear, clean, sweeping sentences. He never read anything like it before. After reading book after books Wright gets a revelation. He is not alone anymore. There are other people like him out there, who retrieve and think like Wright does. They also feel like individuals in this society and the world they are living in. This makes Wright really fulfill. For the first time in his life he feels like he is part of a group, a society.He wants to secern somebody about his discovery. He just wants to talk to somebody about this, tell about what he has learned and his dreams for the future. But Wright has nobody to talk to about this. His coworkers, fri ends, and family would not understand. They would ask Wright why he is reading, what? s the point? After Wright is satisfied he becomes sad. He knows he is not alone, but the people that share the same view and understanding as him are not around. He is as yet alone. Wright became a writer because that was his only way out.He was an individual, trying to fit in to the society where he was born. It was the only way he could express himself, as an individual. constitution allowed him to say what was on his mind without getting punish for it. It was an escape from the reality he was living in. After learning more and more he became more secure on the path he had chosen. Words became his weapon in life. We see that writing and reading was his inspiration and motivation. He feels like he can do anything when he reads or writes. Anything seemed possible, likely, feasible, because I wanted everything to be possible.

A Day When Everything Went Worng Essay

I just cannot think myself lucky when a daylight of my life goes totally wrong. Recently after starting university a day made me totally upset and frustrated. It was a normal day but my mobile did not give any alarm in the morning so I woke up late. While I was in hurry for university my mother told me that our driver did not come today so I had to go solely. I lived in Dhanmondi and the university was in Bashundhara so I had to take a CNG for university. As soon as I reached Nabisco the CNG had stopped. I asked what happened to the CNG driver.He answered me that the gas was finished and he had to refill it now. As I was late before I just came out from the CNG and hired another one. Finally I reached to the university but it was 10 minutes late. I saw that everyone was writing in the class. When I asked what was personnel casualty on, they replied me that miss was taking a surprise test. My heart was biting fast but when I heard about the test it started biting faster. After the class I went to the cafe for a cold drink but I found that I had only 50 taka with me.See more Defining research problem and setting objectives EssayThen I remembered that in harry I block off to take money from mother for CNG rent and I already paid 180 taka to the CNG when I came here. So, I had no money for food at the corresponding time no money for further CNG rent. I had to take raft for home but I never had a bus ride alone before. After asking some of my friends I got an idea about the bus counter here. Then I went there and took a bus. When I heard the bus conductor was screaming New Market, I found that I was in the wrong bus. This bus was in new market but I should take a bus which had a stoppage in Kolabagan.Since I had nothing to do, I had to get off in new market and took a rickshaw. When finally I was in home it was 6 pm. As long as I met with my mom I saw she was getting ready for going out and she was looking tensed. I asked her what happened. She answered me tha t one of my aunts was in hospital and maybe she had cancer. I just suddenly became blank. What should I do now? After a while I decided to go with my mom. We were there in the hospital till late night. When I reached home I thought about the self-coloured day and marked it as a totally wrong day of my life.

Adolescent Identity Development Essay

Lord of the Flies Novel by William Golding The richness of Self-Disc everyplacey Lord Of Flies( The Importance of self-discovery) 1 Human should understand the importance of self-discovery. In the Lord of the Flies, Ralph, Simon and Samneric learned the weaknesses and darkness within the human hearts. People grows up when they faces a altercate. Ralph Ds challenge is how to be a good and responsible leader. Simons challenge is how to speak at front of people. Samnerics challenge is how to make right choice. The truth intimately self-discovery may be cruel, but it is worth to learn from it.Ralph is being a playful, innocent child in the beginning of the story, but towards the contain he matures significantly. Excluding Piggy, Ralph is the around mature and responsible member of the boys, for he is concerned throughout the book with keeping the fire on the mountain going, and building shelter. If a ship comes nigh(a) the island they may not notice us. So we must make smoke on top of the mountain. We must make a fire. pg,37 Ralph always has the strong vox populi that all the children will be saved from the island sooner or later, but at middle part of the story he begins to doubting it. At end of the story, after the death ofPiggy, Ralphs encounter with the Lord of the Flies, he knocks over the pigs skull. A sick tear and rage swept him. fiercely he hit out at the filthy thing in front of him that bobbed like a toy and came back, still grinning into his face, so that he lashed and cried out in loathing. pg206 Ralph realize the evil is part of him and just as to other boys. However, he is the only person who acknowledges the importance of being responsible, and he takes over as a true leader even though he is not necessarily good at it. 3Sam and Eric represents the crowd in modern society, vertical like every ordinary human.They are faithful and mostly good. They can be described as loyalist in the story. Their rule is to serve whomever is the leader. For good example when Jack says Grab them No one moved. Jack shouted angrily. I said grab them Samneric finally give into his threats on their travel to Castle Rock. Later, wherefore betray Ralph, by showing his hiding place to Jack. Youre sure he meant in there? The twin moaned faintly and then squealed again. He meant hed hide in there? pg. 214 In this way, Samneric symbolize the weakness of human nature. They have lose any real sense of loyalty to others.

Mexican Drug War Essay

Mexican Drug WarIntroductionThe Mexican Drug War is perhaps the deadliest and well-nigh devastating battle this coun estimate has encountered in its history. Its violence affects both civilians and its precise culture. Since 2006, the border of Mexico has been a place of hostility, turmoil, and divulgeright fightfargon which has transitioned throughout the countryside. Unlike traditional soldiers solutions, Mexico and the United States must realize together to quell the hostility by creating economic opportunities for those in Mexico, stop the flow of doses into the US, and stop the feed of petrols into Mexico. BackgroundThe Mexican Drug War is based in Mexico, although the United States can be fault for making a large contribution to it. Mexican organizations that deal in illegal activities started during the US breastwork of alcohol in the 1920s. It seems that when there is a de humand for an item in the US and no supply, Mexico has unendingly been there to supplement o ur hires. A Mexican Cartel is a criminal organization true with the main purpose of promoting and controlling drug trafficking operations both interstate and intrastate. They range from loosely managed barter agreements among various drug traffickers to formal commercial enterprises. The main Mexican Cartels consist of the Sinaloa, disconnectedness, La Familia, Tijuana, Beltran, and Juarez cartels. These cartels c over the mass of the territory in Mexico. There are two main cartels that control most of the market, the Sinaloa Cartel and the Gulf Cartel. The Sinaloa Cartel is led by a man nicknamed El Chapo.He was in jail in 2001 but escaped allegedly in a laundry basket. He is the most wanted man in the initiation with a bounty of eighty-seven million dollars. No one has drawn so much law enforcement attention since Al Capone. He and the Sinaloa Cartel are so successful that he has his own Forbes profile, he is estimated to be worth one billion dollars, making him the 1140th r ichest man in the world and the 55th most powerful. There are also allegations that the Sinaloa Cartels teamed up with the the Mexican government to take out other cartels. The Gulf Cartel is reknowned for hiring a private mercenary army of corrupt elite military soldiers to work for them in 2001. The Sinaloa and Gulf Cartels worked together as partners up until February 2010, when their partnership dissolved. The dissolutionwas so touch on and violent that it turned some border towns into ghost towns. (Mexicos Drug Wars).Most recreational drugs are outlawed in the United States and the main ones Mexico supplies are marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamines, and heroin. Marijuana has accounted for 858,408 arrests in 2009 in the US. It can sire a lasting effect on young peck with effects such as structural and functional deficits of the brain. Cocaine is a very dangerous drug, due to its power to get state hooked very quickly. The effects are scabs on mucus membrane, damage to the na sal septum, and eventually reconcile your nose collapse. Heroin is a very addictive drug, in fact, one fourth of the commonwealth who try it, become addicts. The effects are infection of the heart lining and the valves, liver disease, lung disease, hepatitis and HIV/AIDS from chivy use. Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug that can cause loss of weight, teeth, the development of scabs and cave in sores on the face. It can also cause psycotic behaviors, such as paranoia, hallucinations, and delusions. ( Above the Influence) Defining the ProblemIn the city Juarez, a border city next to El Paso, violence has escalated to a point that people are actually moving their businesses to El Paso for safety precautions. The Mexican National death toll for the month of January 2013 was issued and it had 1104 related to the Mexican Drug War, that is an average of 34.45 deaths per day during that month. Juarez is the best example of how the Mexican drug war can ruin a town. The deaths i n Mexico from the drug war amount to about 60,000 since 2006 67 reporters, 3,500 officers, and over 1000 children. It has displaced over 1.6 million people, many of whom were forced to leave their possessions behind. The violence is astounding and is the main trouble in this war. ( Mexicos Drug War Violence and the graphic symbol the United States Plays) and (An Uneasy CoExistence Security and Migration on the El Paso-Ciudad Juarez Border) CausesThere may be corruption in the Mexican government, and there is no musical mode to be sure. They bring denied everything, but claims say otherwise. If this is true, there has to be a new power in the Mexican government. Certain allegations say that the government has been turning a blind eye towards theactivities of the cartels or prepare taken bribes. When the cartels are allowed to run free, lives are lost. (Key issues on Obamas Mexico trip Trade, immigration, and drug war) The inquire for drugs seems to be ingrained in the American culture. There are movies that portray the taking of drugs as a very cool, and natural thing to do, when really it can destroy lives. As long as we accept drugs as the thing to do, we lead keep relying on the drugs that come from Mexico. Positions/PerspectivesPeople all see the Mexican drug war with different views, and many want to approach it different ways. The world leaders are the people with the most influential views. United States President Barack Obama has give tongue to that the US will try to prevent demand for drugs and stop the illegal sale of guns but legalizing drugs is not our best choice. I personally, and my administrations arrangement is, that legalization is not the answer. (Key issues on Obamas Mexico trip Trade, immigration, and drug war) Pena Nieto, the current president of Mexico, has verbalize that creating more economic opportunities for the citizens of Mexico will turn out to be Mexicos greatest solution.Countrymen and others have to go to the drug c artels to make money and pay the bills, but when there are more choices for people, they dont give the drug cartels life.( Key issues on Obamas Mexico trip Trade, immigration, and drug war) Another top Mexican official has said Economically, there is no argument or solution other than legalization, at to the lowest degree of marijuana. . He said that it would move nearly all production of marijuana to California. He also said Mexicos objective should be to make the US self sufficient in marijuana. Also lead former Latin American presidents have said that governments should very seriously consider the legalization of marijuana. (Saving Mexico) SolutionsOverview of the US and Mexico working together goodly means the US doing its part in stopping illegal gun sales and trying to douse the demand for drugs by its citizens while Mexico must attempt to stop the violence, and raise more economic opportunities for people. Analysis of SolutionsThe US needs to regulate its gun laws. The M exican authorities have seized 70,000 weapons of US origin from 2007 to 2011. When there are no guns, thereare no fire fights in the streets of Mexico. The guns going to Mexico are just gasoline on the fire. ( Mexicos Drug War Violence and the Role the United States Plays) The countrymen of Mexico are subjected to producing for the cartels, and have no where else to go, but with more jobs and choices they are able to avoid this fetid work and go do anything else. (Mexicos Drug War and the Role the United States Plays) If you can guide the drug cartel out of one town, you save that town.There may be other towns that need to be saved, but if you can make a difference in that one town, the difference will mean the world to them. Locally Mexico needs to try and fix a town at a time. Legalization of marijuana could be the best option, but according to the president, that cannot happen, off the table, not possible. The most efficient and effective solution is that Mexico and America wor k together by stopping the guns coming coming in and increasing the job diversity in Mexico. Conclusion

Childhood of Abraham Lincoln: The Personal Legend Essay

* Abraham Lincoln childhood and how he found his soulfulnessal fable since he was little * How Abraham Lincoln started to follow his personalised legend inspiration in his youth and what he achieved in his other(a) life. * What are the results for following his personal legend, and how he changed the whole world? * Conclusion that mention the difference between a person has a personal legend to follow it, and a person who just stick up normal and followed others inspiration. Personal legend is not just a term to describe a person who just follows his hallucinations, but the real meaning for the personal legend is, the soul of yourself that you need to understand, and to be subject to communicate with it, to lead you for all things that make you happy and satisfied in your life. Life is a sizeable journey and all people have the right to draw their dreams and wishes, the person who following his personal legend is, the only person who can achieve all his goals and dreams.For example, Abraham Lincoln the person who changed the whole world by his inspiration, when he found his personal legend that led him to be a president of the United States. When we express about one of the famous and successful people who found their personal legend, there are in addition many, but when we speak about someone had changed the world with his inspiration and his personal legend, we speak about Abraham Lincoln, The sixteenth president of the United States. He grown up in united stated and his beginner doubting Thomas Lincoln was a farmer, he used to own a few acres of land to sow it, during Abrahams childhood he learned how to plant and helping his father in his farming work. He learned how to be responsible and supporter to his family. That made him strong physically and mentally, Abraham used to learn from his father personality, he was strong and very smart, and he used to learn from the nature all around him.He used to love nature and reading too, all these intere sts made him a strong thinker and helped him to key out his personal legend that was leading him for helping people and serving his country. Later in his youth, Abraham started to follow his dreams and his personal legend, in fact that the time of his childhood there werent enough schools to educate people, in infract of the fact that schools were very expensive to join, these reasons never stopped Abraham from being educated and what his personal legend exist. He had had inspired by politics so he taught himself the law and started to read books about politics in general and law in particular to pursue a career in the politics field. later on educating himself, he started to pursue his first career in the politics field as a lawyer. Without a doubt that was a very good transition that turned over his life from being a farmer into someone has a goal in the politics life.His personality and the education level that he reached helped him to success in the politics field, and helped him to start his first step in his new life and his focus towards changing. He expressed his opposition about slavery and his determination to limit the expansion of that matter, which made him known, brought others choler to him, and allowed him to take place in congress to start his mission. During his journey into success he met his wife bloody shame Todd and he falls in love with her, she was very educated and attracting person, they got engaged, divorced then married. That made me repute in the Alchemist story when Santiago met Fatima and falls in love with her, the Alchemist taught him that true love never gets in the way of ones Personal Legend.If it does then it is not true love but in truth Santiago never forgot her during his journey and find outd to go back to where he found his love later on he found his Personal Legend. His enthusiasm toward improving and changing situations into better made the individual states and territories to decide whether they allow slaver y, Finally the Law provoked slavery and allowed him to join the republican party which had had elected him to be President to the United States.In conclusion, the person who is looking for his personal legend should have a dream or a goal to led him into finding it, once you start looking to reach that dream, you take struggling, stumbling, learning, and trying to reach your dream, but as soon as you find what is your Personal Legend wants to be or where it is exist, that makes you feel better in your life and satisfied with what you have reached. In the other give way many others prefer to take the easy way and follow others. For example, to be a baker or a sheepherder, the baker earning much money than the shepherd does, however, there is others preferred to be a shepherd to enjoy their life, the nature, and the feeling of struggling for earning their money.

Machiavelli and Renaissance Humanism

rebirth Humanism is defined as a literary and linguistic movement-an attempt to revive classical Latin (and later Greek), as well as the values and sensibilities that came with the language (Hunt et al, 415). I think that Machiavelli was a humanistic of his era because in his writing The Prince, he relied on history to provide a handbook to time to come rulers and princes. Machiavelli drew much of this guidebook from his past dealings with politicians and their self-ambitious monarchies.In my opinion he wrote this guide to as a way to show future princes that the ways of the past should be adhered to in collection for Italy to nonice its prior glory. In The Prince Machiavelli uses many examples from history to show that we need to embrace the past in order to gain a prosperous future. Machiavellis, The Prince serves as a handbook to future rulers with their roles and responsibilities. Machiavelli begins his handbook with his view of marvelous virtues.He argues that in order fo r a psyche to be a ingenuous leader and baulk in rule he must not just be a good person provided that he must learn how to not be good (Law every et al, 1951) in order to cherish himself from anyone trying to overtake his rule. He must always be prepared and not make himself the good guy all the time. Machiavelli shows that universe a good person all of the time entrust nevertheless allow for the bad pot to overpower the good people, because anyone who determines to act in all circumstances the explode of a good man must come to ruin among so many who are not good (Lawall et al, 1951).Machiavelli goes on to further his humanistic views on how a prince should be viewed by his people. He discusses the choices a person of power has in being liberal (1952) and generous or stingy. He goes on to pronounce that being too liberal will bring a man of power to ruin and that being frugal is important. He explains that as long as a ruler abstains from the property of his citizens and subjects he will gain the respect of his people. He goes on to discuss that a ruler will be more(prenominal) respected if he is living and spending other peoples money.He discusses the examples set by Cyrus, Caesar, and Alexander in which they lived off plunder, loot and ransom (1953). These three rulers were spending the money of others (1953) and therefore were not hurting themselves by having to spend what was already theirs. Machiavelli goes on to explain that nothing eats itself up as fast as does liberality (1953) because when practiced it can lead to poverty and will make a ruler have to raise taxes which will in turn bring hatred on by his people (1953).Machiavelli also discusses the importance of being apprehensioned and loved as well as, being thought of as cruel but compassionate all at the same time. He uses Dido and Borgia as examples. Borgia is used as the example for cruelty. He says that because Borgia was so cruel his cruelness brought prosperity and unity to Roma gna and therefore was prosperous because of the fear that he instilled in his people. But because his Senate was too compassionate he lost his clout (1954).Machiavelli also explains that a new prince is going to face several challenges and because of this will be faced to make very disenfranchised decisions that may or may not hurt his reputation among his people. Here he uses Virgils Dido as an example, Hard circumstances and the newness of my realm force me to do such things, and to keep watch over all my lands (1954). From these examples, Machiavelli is telling his reader that as a prince they must be flexible and show cruelty or compassion when needed in any situation.Machiavelli goes on to state that a prince should be slow in believing and acting, and should make no one afraid of himso that too much confidence does not make him incautious, and too much suspicion does not make him unbearable (1954). This is the way to keep assume from his people and will not turn their backs on him when the going gets tough. Renaissance Humanism is defined as a literary and linguistic movement-an attempt to revive classical Latin (and later Greek), as well as the values and sensibilities that came with the language (Hunt et al, 415).Machiavellis The Prince was essentially a handbook for how a Prince should portray himself but could also be seen as a day to day handbook by the everyday people of his time for they were all faced with the same moral decisions on a daily basis. Machiavelli used The Prince as a gateway to create a moral and philosophical guide for all people in general and uses examples from history to show that the past needs to be embraced in order to gain a prosperous future.

Gandhi

GANDHIS ROLE IN ENDING BRITISH RULE IN INDIA India was wholenessness of the in force(p) distinguished British colonies in Asia. During the First World state of warfare (1914-1918), the British g overnment promised the Indians that if they fought against the Germans in return would receive bang-uper administrative autonomy. After the war, however, the promise was non fulfil lead. Instead, the representatives of the British government began to carminely repress in only attempts at emancipation of India. The of import Indian leader who opposed British regulation was Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948).The main resource used by him in the struggle against the British was based on the dodge of phone numberive non- craze. Gandhi preached gracious disobedience and non-violence, (Satygraha) of the Indians against the English authorities through non-payment of taskes and rejection of British industrial products. The purpose was to break up the opponent, preventing any cooperation wit h it, solely without using violence. Mahatma Gandhi was the preeminent leader of Indian nationalism in British-ru lead India.Employing non-violent civil disobedience, Gandhi guide India to independency and inspired movements for non-violence, civil rights and freedom across the origination. When Gandhi arrived in India, the First World War was at its height. At first he ignored this. He addressed the British Viceroy of India entirely take aback him by declaring shame at having to speak in English whilst in India. He as well verbally attacked the rich Indian princess who was loyal to British rule. Many princesses were deeply offended and walked out.After show its position against the British rule and seeing that the Indian population was hurt in British hands he began a Satyagraha operate to help poor Indian peasants in the district of Bihar. This was more a protest against conditions than against the British, but it did involve Gandhi encouraging Indians to refuse to pay taxes . In 1917, surprisingly, Gandhi joined a campaign organized by the British Viceroy to persuade ordinary Indians to join the British on the Battlefields of France against the Germans. He personally toured the Indian District of Kheda in support of the campaign.The Salt March, excessively known as the Salt Satyagraha, began with the Dandi March on March 12, 1930, and was an important part of the Indian license movement. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British brininess monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider polite Disobedience Movement. This was the about significant organized challenge to British authority since the Non-cooperation movement of 192022, and directly celebrateed the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence by the Indian National Congress on January 26, 1930.Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (comm sole(prenominal) called Mahatma Gandhi) led the Dandi march from his base, Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast near the village of Dandi. As he continued on this 24 day, 240 mile (390 km) march to produce coarseness without paying the tax, growing numbers of Indians joined him along the counseling. When Gandhi broke the salinity laws at 630 am on April 6, 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Raj salt laws by millions of Indians.The campaign had a significant effect on changing world and British attitude towards Indian independence and caused large numbers of Indians to join the fight for the first time. At the end of the First World War seemed to hold great promise to India. She had been invited to the Versailles Peace Conference as a separate power in her own right. Also, towards the end of the war, the Montagu Declaration had promised increased participation in the government and ripeice outline of Indian hatful.However, this promise was dashed by ii events in the immediate occlusion later the war o The Rowlatt Acts these acts sa id that the rights of Indians to free speech and protest would not be fully restored even though the war had ended. o The Amritsar Massacre After some protests the British rule weakened. To solve the problem, a encounter was organized. The meeting was meant to be peaceful and made up of men, women and children. further the British ordered his troops to line up facing the crowd and to open fire.No final warning was presumption to the protesters. Those two things were a great mistake. Jawaharlal Nehru, also known as Pandit Nehru was an Indian statesman who was the first (and to date the longest tenure of) prime minister of India, from 1947 until 1964. Ward leader in the socialist Indian National Congress during and after the effort of India to independence from the British Empire, became the Prime Minister of India at independence. His real initiation into politics came when he came in conform to with Mahatma Gandhi in 1919.At that time Mahatma Gandhi had launched a campaign agai nst the Rowlatt Act. Nehru was instantly attracted to Gandhis commitment for active but peaceful civil disobedience. Jawaharlal Nehru was take mayor of Allahabad in 1924 and served for two age as chief executive of the city. From 1926 to 1928, Jawaharlal served as secretaire General of the Committee of the Congress of the United Provinces. In 1928-29, the annual session of the Congress under chairperson Motilal Nehru was held.During that session Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose backed a call for full semipolitical independence, while Motilal Nehru and separates cherished dominion circumstance within the British Empire. To resolve the issue, Gandhi offered the British to grant in two years the domain precondition to India, some otherwise the Congress would launch a national struggle for full political independence. Nehru and Bose reduced that period to one year. The British did not respond. In December 1929, the annual session of the Congress was held in Lahore and Jawaharlal Nehru was elected as president of the Congress Party.During the session, a resolution demanding Indias independence was passed and on January 26, 1930 in Lahore, Jawaharlal Nehru busy having a flag of free India. And Gandhi made the call for civil disobedience movement in 1930. The movement in the long run forced the British government to recognize the involve for major political reforms and ended up macrocosm a great success. After the Second World War, in 1947, the state of Britain gave India its political Independence, but the grease was divided into the republic of India, the Hindu majority, and republic of Pakistan (East and West), with a Muslim majority.Later, in 1972, after a violent war, East Pakistan separated from the West and was renamed Bangladesh. He was genuinely important for the India independence because he introduced a naked as a jaybird charge to think, a new way to fight without having to lose lives. In my opinion he was the more or less impor tant factor for the ending of the British rule in India. Thanks to him Indians are free of suffering in British hands, he created a new way of avoid loss of lives and fighting. He showed to the world a new way to live and find what you want, a non-violence way.GandhiTo what extent has the importance of Gandhi been exaggerated in persuading the British government to circulate India independence in 1947? Gandhi wasnt as significant as mess think he was during the struggle for Indian independence. Some believe that Gandhi was the reason why Britain gave independence to India, race exaggerated over his abilities and his actions during the struggle for Indian Independence, and so he thus became the Father of India this again precise exaggerated his importance. tho then again, after the Second World War, Britain would mother given India independence anyway due(p) to Britain becoming bankrupt which would reserve meant that Britain would be possessed of to give India independen ce because they couldnt afford to hold open guard and order in such a big unsophisticated equivalent India. Therefore, Gandhi didnt actually need to go on big campaigns, because roughly of them would impression in a huge number of slew universe killed or die of starvation.These are the key parts that large number throw out and over exaggerate about Gandhis importance. Just like the Amritsar massacre and the Bengali Famine, India was punished for the trouble they have caused for Britain, which resulted in lots of Indians being killed. In a way, Gandhi knew that his campaigns would be result in some people being killed and he could have done it differently, in a more peaceful way, because Britain would have given India independence eventually.Gandhi set himself a design, to unite the whole of India so that Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs could live to constructher without the British Raj, but he failed to do that and because he failed we now have a separated India, which resulted in millions of people losing their lives due to Gandhis decisions and actions . Overall, Gandhi authentically annoyed the British, which caused them to act in a way they wouldnt necessarily act, like shooting in a crowd of Indians.Also, like the Quit India Campaign, which Gandhi introduced and said to his crevice Indians to try trouble on the streets of India, Gandhi theme that this will eventually lead to Britain getting fed up of the continual trouble and then grant them the Independence, which they have so badly been fighting for, but this only led to more Indians being killed. This proved to be a disaster for Gandhi and due to some decisions he made, India split into three, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Also resulting acts threats of terrorism to each on of the three countries.This again shows what an impact Gandhi still has today due to his work and the methods he picked to free India. This may have had an influence on some famous figures in History such as Martin Lut her King, but then again, it resulted in Millions of people losing their lives due to Gandhi not being successful in one of his main goals, such as uniting India. When the Rowlatt Act came into law, Gandhi proposed that the entire country observe a hartal, a day of fasting, prayer, and abstention from physical labor, in protest against the injustice of the repressing new law.Millions of Indians followed Gandhis words and started to fight back against the British, they simply didnt go to work close to the whole of India came to a halt for the whole day. Following the words of Gandhi, some Indians came together in groups, which was against the Rowlatt act law. A General in the British army in India named General Dyer became furious and decided to acquire the Indians a lesson and so he went to the meeting in Amritsar and massacred nearly all the Indians that simply came together to comprehend to each other. All eyes were on Gandhi, because it was his words that led to this massacre .Even though Gandhi knew that his instructions to Indians would cause worrying for the British, but also for India, but he as well ask the risk anyway. Again this shows that Gandhis words proved to be futile, because the British would always respond back to the actions made by Gandhi and the Indian people. Even though Gandhi knew that, he would still continue his campaign, which would later cause chaos on the streets of India. But his actions were seen as successful because no one had actually qualityped up to the British, this again exaggerates his importanceFurthermore, Gandhis campaigns may have been effective against the British, but it also came with a huge sacrifice. Gandhis campaigns really annoyed The British, especially Winston Churchill. Gandhi, The Father of India and Churchill, the Prime minister of Britain had a clash of ideas. Because Gandhi won, people see him as defeating one of the most powerful men in the world. But it came at a huge cost this really exaggerates his importance because people dont really see the other side. His campaigns eventually led to the Bengal famine, which resulted in millions of people starving to death.Gandhis campaigns are thought to of led to the Bengal famine, and the amount of money Britain had to pay for the damage, and so they tried to put an end to it by climb an example. In a way, Churchill really badly wanted to punish the Indians for all the trouble they caused. Churchill did this by lemniscus shipments of supplies to Bengal and instead he sent them to soldiers in Africa, which they didnt really need. The famine lasted between one to two years. Churchill himself said, I hate Indians, The famine was their own fault. Some may argue that, he is referring to just Gandhi and the problems he has made for Britain to clean up.Overall, Gandhis actions and the decisions he made had a huge effect on India and Britain, which then, led to the Bengal famine and as a result Millions of woman and children died. Church ill only tried to show Gandhi he too can cause trouble for India, he also tried to warn Gandhi and the rest of India that this would be the result of the actions and the amount trouble they cause. But Gandhi didnt stop and continued with his campaigns to free India. On the other hand, Gandhi didnt always cause trouble but some measure he forced the British to just give up. Gandhi devised a great march to the coast this would twist famous as the salt march.Gandhi realized that the British tax on salt would become an advantage. Gandhi soon started to walk with his members of the Indian congress party and other followers to the Indian coast. Soon after, umpteen people joined him. Afterwards he had whole villages rat him he then arrived at the coast and encouraged people to take as much salt as they possibly can because the British couldnt do anything about it. But, soon afterwards, as he arrived back, the British authorities had arrested him and thrown him in jail. This had caused m ass screechinging, some people were killed and so the British had no other option, but to release him.The British government had to pay a lot of money for all the damage and mess that the rioters had made. Gandhi proved himself to the Indian people as a leader. The period of non-cooperation that began in 1920 truism Gandhi moving all across India, encouraging people to give up their Western clothing and British jobs. Soon afterwards Gandhis Congress party would become an organization filled with people operative for it, this then proved to be an organization fit to become a professional party pose to lead their fellow Indians to Independence.Gandhis work despite the interference of the British authorities was a great success. Gandhi then would introduce a civil disobedience campaign, which would prove to be a mistake that shake the world. During one of the protests that night a group of Indians broke into one of the colonial outposts and killed legion(predicate) of the people work there. Horrified by the actions of his fellow Indians, Gandhi abandoned his plan for civil disobedience and retired into a period of fasting and prayer.Even as the Viceroy of India and the Prime minister of Britain wanted Gandhi out of the way, they couldnt due to the political system Britain had in effect for since the early stages of the British Empire. The media were always there, and the class system in Britain was very important during that time, and so if the British authorities in India or Britain were to throw Gandhi in a jail for life history or even execute him which they could of done very easily, but it would harm their reputation as the most advanced nation in the world.People would see the British as savages this system came to Gandhis advantage during the salt march. From 1934 until the outbreak of war in 1939, Gandhi left the struggle for independence to Nehru. He began traveling through India again, workings with women and children, helping the poor, and prom oting use of the old fashioned Indian spinning wheel. He went from village to village, teaching others of the way of true India, barefoot and on the road for months at a time.Gandhi wanted to prove to all Indians that they didnt need to wear western clothing or use western methods of making clothes, and that the Indian way was better, he did this to try and get everyone to do the same and then it would have been much easier to unite India. But people often get mistaken and believe that this method of uniting India wasnt as effective, sure people do get together, but teaching the true Indian ways of doing things showed that Gandhi tried to get people together. But just when people were getting along, he introduced the Quit India Campaign people would riot on the streets killing many people.Again people dont see the other side of Gandhi and over exaggerate his importance by pointing out that he taught many Indians the true Indian way in the hope that they would get along and unite to overcome oppression from the British. Gandhi didnt support the war, and when Britain called for India to help them in the upcoming Battle of Britain, which would decide the future of Britain, the war and even the world, But Gandhi and the rest of India refused, and in a way, also helping the Nazis because they werent helping the allies and instead helping Hitler and the Nazis by not fighting.But they only fought to protect their own country from invasion. Japan, a growing empire decided to start the invasion of India and wanted to overthrow the British Raj and have India for themselves, but they lost to the Indian sepoys supported by Gandhi. So, in a way they could have helped Britain, but they also had the Japanese looking to extend their border. This then resulted in many deaths over in Britain, which were lucky enough to snatch a victory at the battle of Britain.Three years after his wifes death was a time of struggle for Gandhi, the growing Muslim league and Jinnah were looking to have a country of their own Pakistan in the far west of India and Bangladesh in the far east of India. Gandhis dreams of a united India were beginning to shatter. This shows that his main dream of uniting India was beginning to end this shows that Gandhi wasnt very successful and failed to reach his goal, therefore Gandhi was only useful in gaining independence so that others can have theirs within the country.Elections were beginning to be held in India, they were between the Congress party and the Muslim league. India was becoming a piece of land which was going to be torn apart between two different faiths. The political Parties of India were beginning to look like true professionals. MPs were elected in heavy Hindu and Muslim parts of India. The fate of India was to be decided. After the war, Britain was absolutely spent the whole treasury. It was now empty and people were so hungry they had to eat cat food.This eventually led to many countries getting their independence bec ause Britain couldnt afford to keep control and order in many countries like India, it became ungovernable and so Britain just gave up and gave them their independence. India received independence not from Gandhis methods of Satyagraha, but through total anarchy and outbreaks of violence across the country. This shows that everyone forgot about Gandhi because he wasnt important to them and believed that the methods he used were wrong because people were dying(p) for nothing, and so Gandhis methods were fading away.Overall, Gandhi claimed to represent all of India during the Round-Table conferences, but as he later erudite to know that there were some who didnt agree with him, such as Jinnah, the Muslim league and all other Muslims living in India, even though Gandhis and Nehrus Congress party had the most seats in the Indian parliament, Gandhi still thought he represented the whole of India which means that he forgot all about the Muslims and Sikhs that wanted to remain separate.S o in a way, he failed to reach his main goal which many people failed to notice during the later stages of India receiving independence. Disaster followed, violence swept the country as Hindus and Muslims killed one another. Nearly all fled the newly created borders, seeking safety in India or Pakistan, depending upon their religion. Millions had died while many other Millions were forced to flee their homes it proved to be a disaster for Gandhi and his dreams of united India.Gandhi felt betrayed by his fellow Indians he felt that that no one had listened to him, that the people of India hadnt learned a thing during the times of his campaigns and great marches which taught Indians to stay together, he believed that India would become independent only if they unite. But sadly, his dreams would only become a vision he once had. Later on Gandhi would give some speeches and show up in some important events, but then something, which shook the entire world, had occurred, Gandhi was assas sinated. But even after his death he then somehow still influences people from around the world.Overall, Gandhi didnt reach his main goal to unite India, but it is thought that Gandhi was the reason why India got their independence. This is usually exaggerated as a strong sense of sympathy for Gandhi after his death. Eventually India would of gotten their independence due Britain, which couldnt afford to keep control of India and so they would of gotten their independence even without Gandhi. But then again, Gandhis campaign inspired many other famous people, such as, Martin Luther King, who then used Gandhis methods of non-violent protest, which would eventually then lead to black-Americans gaining their Civil Rights.Gandhi explained in one of his speeches that it is important not to fight against the British, but simply just not follow the orders and laws passed, such as dont meet up in large groups. Gandhi told people not to follow that order and do the complete opposite, which t hen lead to the Amritsar massacre. Gandhi failed to reach his aims, but became a very famous figure in history due to his campaigns and the first ever use of peaceful protesting, which then after his death, Gandhi was claimed to be a hero and savior of India.People exaggerate Gandhis importance because they usually miss out on the specific detail that is very vital to understanding Gandhi. The exaggeration of Gandhis importance is also due to India having Gandhi as their only leader, this may be important because he was the first to step up to the British, but on the other hand he failed in uniting India against the British. Sure he may have had a role in the struggle for independence, but he caused India to divide, which caused millions of people losing their lives.

Stay Forever Young

Topic checkout unendingly modern Serum Pattern Criteria Satisfaction Purpose after hearing this presentation, prospective customers go forth want to buy Morgans sting everlastingly Young serum. Thesis bind Forever Young by Morgan is the best serum on the market to reduce all mulct lines and wrinkles including dark floater and black circles. As Audrey Hepburn once said, And the beauty of a woman, with passing years save grows (Hepburn) With some of the best ingredients in the world all combined together to give you the amazing inhabit Forever Young serum, and at a reasonable terms, this is the chance ofa lifetime. B.After you compare all other products who necessitate to be able to reduce fine lines, wrinkles, dark spots, and black circles, you will see that Stay Forever Young serum is the best to get the Job done. C. As I will be explaining, Stay Forever Young serum is safe, really works, and is reasonably priced. transformation I will start by explaining how Stay Forev er Young is safe for every skin type. BODY l. Stay Forever Young serum is safer than most other ways to reduce aging. A. Stay Forever Young is an all-around intrinsic product with no harsh chemicals. Sun exposure, smoking, pollution, stress, chemicals and diet all are factors towards aging.Rao, 2008) B. Our serum also is in a cream that you may apply twice daily, which means no needles to the face. C. FDA approved. Transition Not tho is Stay Forever Young a safe product to apply, it really does work II. Stay Forever Young serum really works to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, reduce the appearance of dark spots and black circles. A. Our serum has been proved and tested over and over again through many an(prenominal) women with many various skin types. B. Our serum has some of the best ingredients in the world. C. To prove our product works, we will be giving out free samples and trial offers.Transition You may think with all these features and benefits that our serum has to offer tha t it will be expensive. Ill. To top off these wonderful benefits, our serum is reasonably priced. A. Our product is made affordable for all. B. If you disclose a better product at a lower price we will price match. Transition By now you can see how beneficial our product will be for you. CONCLUSION A. Stay Forever Young is safe, it truly works, and is made at an affordable price. B. Everyone wishes to have youthfulness, and at a price they can afford. Works Cited Rao, Lleaon (2008). Anti-Aging Beauty Secrets.

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

In John Knowles novel, A distract Peace, Knowles proves through an adolescent relationship, that in order to have a reliable friendship, one must comport another completely, revealing that green-eyed monster apprise not co-excist within a friendship.Jealousy plays a major(ip) role in the deterioration of the relationship between agent and Finny. Gene has a growing jealousy towards his bestfriend Phineas. Because Finny always gets away with everything and can be whoever he wants to be, while Gene feels as if he is confine within his own body (Knowles 28). The dangerous envy Gene feels towards Finny is eating away at his somebody and is in no way healthy for the friendship, or Genes well existence. Because of this jealousy, Gene can not fully hope Finny and his mischevious ways and fears to become inured to the fact that Phineas will always be better hence him, all without noticing the breathtaking talents he himself possesses.Knowles displays the friendship as a way to prove that jealousy can not only mentally but physically force one to do unthinkable and mystifying things to another. The jealousy Gene was hiding within his walls enventually broke and he jounced the limb making Phineas fall from the maneuver and break his leg (Knowles 60). Revealing that Genes competitive hatred towards Finny lead to unbelievable, malicious action to physically invalid his friend. For though friendship is depended on one another, the balance between Gene and Phineas is unequal Finny needed Gene to help him face adulthood, while Gene uses Finny as a constant comparison to his own hopeless life.Knowles documents when jealousy collides with friendship and the fear of it becoming a reality, when it effects a loved one . In the article A Separate stillness Four Decades of Critical Responseby Lois Rauch Gibson, Gibson analyzed Knowles and his sentiment on jealousy. By jouncing Finny off of the limb, Gene can rid himself.. of the evil within (Gibson 5). Although ridding himself minimal of jealousy, his closed act forcedGene to be plunged into a new internal world war. With this new ponderous guilt he destroyed any vox populis of affection he once has for Finny.With a consistent feeling of jealousy throughout their friendship and in preparation for the war, Gene wrote i was on active barter all my time at school I killed my enemy there (Knowles 196). Revealing that instead of being able to embrace the friendship Finny has always offered, jealousy took over Gene, and eventually all the insecurity kills Finny. To accept each other completely Gene knew this jealousy could not excist within the relationship, he also knew the peace was always Finny, and with him no longer by his side Gene was able to find his own start peace.Works CitedOnline Gibson, Lois. A Separate Peace Four Decades of Critical Response. E-article.Kowles, John. A Separate Peace. New York Scribner, 1959.

Art Up Close Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

artisanry Up Close - Essay ExampleThe painting that I chose to work on is Willem de Koonings charwoman. The masterpiece is dominated by shades of purple and flesh. It is an abstract interpretation of a woman and the artist used lines to convey his thought regarding his chosen subject. What is most noniceable about the painting is that it is composed of aslope lines and the womans figure is not obviously depicted. There argon, however, certain figures that are implied to be matchless of the womans body parts. One particular example is the womans head. It is not understandably portrayed as a head, but the eye gives a hint that it is the face of a woman. It likewise shows that the womans head is tilting, which somehow, suggests loneliness. One of the obvious marks in the painting is the cluster of trigger-happy brush strokes in the upper right hand corner. This may symbolize blood or predicate that the woman is in pain. A stroke of line that surrounds the womans body looks like a veil which means that the woman is another version of the old woman figures such as bloody shame and Venus. As mentioned before, the painting is composed, mainly, of lines. Most of the lines are also sharp and jagged which further denote aflame instability or turmoil. Since the artist did not use much curved lines for the painting, there is also not much softness with the emotion conveyed. Most of the lines are overlapping and there are certain spaces and figures that are covered by these lines. However, as noticed, there is a soft stroke of line just on a lower floor the eyes which could symbolize tears.

Rural Telecom Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Rural Telecom Industry - Essay utilizationCities, towns, villages, remote interiors across the globe, are all getting connected through fixed landlines or GSMs. In this context, besides the basic issue of connectivity, earnings management has become a challenge. A few historic period ago, getting connectivity to campestral areas was a huge task. Today, it is the management of data, which has taken precedence in the area. Here, we review the challenges face by the rural telecommunication industry worldwide and the shifts that dedicate taken place in the chivalric few years.Network managers tasked with managing their companys telecom budget are familiar with the fact that their bills are often incorrect. From charges for circuits that should have been disconnected years ago to using old, higher rates for current data lines, errors are not uncommon.Other companies, which outsource the software solutions, are also offering bill auditing and TEM services. As telecom companies upri se to cater to the urgencys of the rural populance, the same business personars may just find an increased need for TEM products or services.According to C. Jagadish*,,1, Vinod Kumar Jammula1 and Timothy A. Gonsalves2 in the paper Low-cost data communication network for rural telecom network management the backbone networking infrastructure of rural telecom networks is often costly and is of contain bandwidth. ... According to C. Jagadish*,,1, Vinod Kumar Jammula1 and Timothy A. Gonsalves2 in the paper Low-cost data communication network for rural telecom network management the backbone networking infrastructure of rural telecom networks is often costly and is of limited bandwidth. The availability of connectivity such as DSL or leased lines is scarce. In order to keep operational cost down(p), these rural telecom networks are often kept unmanned and are managed from a centralized network management station (NMS). This often requires a low-cost, efficient and reliable data comm unication network (DCN) between the rural telecom equipment and the central NMS. The conventional DCN used for telecom management consists either of leased lines or Internet connectivity. These are often costly and not freely available in rural areas.The researchers positive a new DCN model, based on dial-up, which is easily available. This DCN has been implemented in corDECT networks, which is currently in use in India and Tunisia, and is under implementation in other countries. It has been shown that this DCN meets the QoS requirements of a telecom network at an low-cost cost. Today in India and other developing countries the telecom network is fast growing and considered to be diminutive for technological development. But the growth rate in urban and rural areas is asymmetrical. Telecom operators often go bad deployment in rural/undeveloped areas. The major discouraging factors are low population density, low affordability and neglect of skilled personnel. Thus factors absolu tely necessary for a rural telecom solution are low cost infrastructure and low operational costs. A centralized network management system (NMS) willing ensure low infrastructure cost . A centralized NMS will

Strategy Innovation & Change - Critically evaluate the alliance Essay

Strategy Innovation & Change - Critically evaluate the fusion between Avebe and Noveon. What does this case manoeuvre us about strategy as a process and its imple - Essay Exampleis a holistic approach that is adopted by organisations in planning the future course of business and as Mintzberg points is out, strategies are both plans for the future and patterns from the past (Mintzberg, 1987, P. 67). Of the various methods that organisations generally adopt in order to manifest strategic success, strategic alliance is very popular, and as Kanter propounds, business alliances are living systems, evolving progressively in their possibilities (Kanter, 1994, P. 97). She further suggests that relationships between companies begin, grow, and develop or fail much like relationships between people (Kanter, 1994, P. 99). This essay depart focus on the strategic alliances and their conceptual tenets. This essay will focus on the strategic alliance that was struck between Avebe and Noveon in March 1995, and was terminated in September 1999. It was observed that the alliance was ground on shared-supply as they jointly developed a product but marketed it independently (Dussauge & Garrett, n.d., P. 63).When companies wish to forecast into a shared-supply alliance, comparative analysis of core competencies is indispensable in evaluating technological and other resources-related compatibility and thus helps in anticipating the outcomes of such alliances. Generally firms also take into consideration the mutual competencies in terms of marketing as well in order to project the future prospects of the novel products, if any, that are focused on developing. turn conducting an internal appraisal, organizations should also consider their cultural aspects and try their best to enhance employee-involvement so that they are the right way aligned with strategic objectives. Das and Teng suggest that the first stage in forming alliances is the selection of partner firms (Das & Te ng, 1999, P. 56-57). preliminary to formulating any organizational strategy, the management should take into consideration the external business environment as these