Organizational Behavior Coca Cola Amatil Company Case...

Organizational Behavior: Coca-Cola Amatil Company Case Study Overview Background Coca-cola Company is the world-leading beverage company and number one producer of soft drinks and the company with perhaps the most recognized and valuable brand across the world (Regassa and Corradino 2011). The company’s success is rotating around quality, recognized brand, innovation, marketing, and availability. In 1917, an accountant in Perth sought then rights of producing Coca-Cola in Australia, which was granted 21 years later, that is, in 1937 when a team was sent to Australia to set up a facility for production (Coca-Cola Amatil 2016). The early days of the company were never easy since the capital city markets were small by the international standards. It was also an unknown product that was sold to the indifferent shopkeepers. In 1943, R. W. Woodruff, Coca-Cola president decided to sell the product to all the US citizens at any cost creating new markets and awareness across the country. After the world war 11, the Australian economy stabilized, and the company began to make franchises across the Australian market and today these bottling companies are the franchise territories are consolidated in one single territory by the Coca-Cola Amatil (Coca-Cola Amatil 2016). The company is offering over 240 products including energy drinks, soft drinks, flavored milk, teas, and its leading brands include Sprite, coca cola zero, diet coke, coca cola, Goulburn Valley, and others (Moses and VestShow MoreRelatedCoca Cola Amatil As An Australian Based Organization1932 Words   |  8 PagesDespite the close geographical proximity of Indonesia to Australia, their social and cultural environments differ quite significantly. Coca-Cola Amatil, being an Australian-based organization, possesses its own organizational culture a nd climate, fostered and influenced by Australian values and ethics. While Australian culture is dominated by Western thought and ideology, the culture of Indonesia has been shaped by long interactions between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influencesRead MoreThe Management Of Human Resource Management2698 Words   |  11 Pagesinitiated. The most important responsibilities that HRM professionals should adopt lies in the compliance with regulations within HRM departmental. In most cases, the guiding laws as well as court rulings are categorized based on the human resource management functional areas that are; the acquisition, development, compensation, and maintenance. The study that was conducted by Accenture (2001, p. 5) indicate that almost to 80% of leaders who participate in global businesses have a total believe that issues

Set In Italy During The Carnival Season, Edgar Allen Poe’S

Set in Italy during the carnival season, Edgar Allen Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado tells a story of revenge after a slanderous insult damages the narrator’s prestigious reputation. To stage this plot, Poe uses a variety of settings to convey a sense of dread and impending doom. These settings not only pull the audience into Poe’s world, they serve as important plot devices—often foreshadowing future events. Additionally, these settings convey a message to readers, allowing them to better understand the story and the imagery Poe uses to set the scene. Setting is the time and location in which a written work is set as well as the encompassing mood and atmosphere. â€Å"The setting of literature is the time and place in which the story takes†¦show more content†¦De Grà ¢ve, which means â€Å"grave† in Italian, alludes to death. The same wine is symbolically served to Fortunado by Montresor while the pair venture into the catacombs (17). Carnival season during evening provides readers with a sense of mystical imagery. As dusk is about to fall, mystery is in the air and gives readers an unearthly feeling. Traditional Italian carnivals are documented to have taken place since the fifth century. These celebrations were meant to make the most of the last few days before the fasting period of Lent. During this time, to keep the lower classes from protesting the inequity of life, wealthy men were only allowed to publicly wear their jewelry during holidays and carnival. This law catalyzed the tradition of the outrageous disguises with outlandish decorations. Festivities allowed freedom of expression as everyone followed in the grandeur of costumed dress. Carnival season was peaceful and fights seldom broke out. Masks erased all distinctions and barriers brought on by social class as the public escaped from the conformity of daily life (The Tradition of Carnival in Venice). The party of carnival is loud and bustling amidst i ntoxicating celebration with everyone disguised in costumes hiding their identities and motives. In this scene, Fortunato dresses as a jester, while Montresor adorns himself with a mask and dark cape (Poe 14). Poe makes these costume choices to outwardly indicate the intentions of the men. He shows hisShow MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily And Gothic Literature1212 Words   |  5 Pagesromance? In literature, stories with these characteristics are classified as gothic literature. For example A Rose For Emily by Emily Faulkner is Southern gothic literature as the setting is specific to the south while The Cast of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe is gothic literature. In A Rose for Emily, Emily and the community are stuck in the old ways of the South as they attempt to avoid the inevitable changes happening around them. In the end, Emily dies and the community is shocked to find herRead MoreTerm Paper Edgar Allan Poes Infatuation with Death1498 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poes Infatuat ion with Death Ralph Emerson once wrote, Talent alone cannot make the writer. There must be a man behind the book. Edgar Allan Poe acquired the ability to write Gothic horror through the tragedies that existed in his life. At three years old Poe lost his mother and father. Grief and sadness overwhelmed Poes childhood and eventually his literary style. By temperament and mournful personal experience, Poe was drawn into the contemporary cult of death (Kennedy

Telling Myself the Truth Essay Example For Students

Telling Myself the Truth Essay I never really knew myself until the end of my freshman year in high school. I thought I was ugly, a loser, and would never be good enough. I was nervous going into my freshman year and I knew I would do anything to fit in and feel like I was accepted. My freshman year of high school taught me the truth to myself because I hit rock bottom. The events that led me to hit rock bottom were hanging out with the wrong crowd, partying, and boys. Going into high school I did not know anyone that would be attending that I was already friends with, so it did not take me long to fall into a bad crowd. By the time school had started, I had made friends with people who smoked, drank, and had meaningless sex. As a freshman in high school I did not have much in common with my so called friends I did not like to drink, I only have smoked once, and I was a virgin. In order to hang out with my friends I was going to have to join in on these activities, even though I knew it was wrong. If I said no, I would be deemed a loser and no longer a part of a group and all the pressure was on me to fit in and have friends. This is when I first started to party every weekend just about. Every weekend was a party with my friends whether it was a huge blowout or just a handful of us hanging out in a basement together. The activities is what made it a party not the size. Every weekend included of drinking and smoking. Every Sunday morning I would wake up with a huge hangover and think this is what people in high school do, so I have to also. All of this partying with my girlfriends led to the pressure of being with a boy. As a virgin it is scary when your friends start talking about their hookups and pressure you to do the same. I had made out with one boy and was scared to do more, but my friends were not. I would have to suck it up and get past making out. There was pressure to lose my virginity, but I was not quite ready for that and I managed to impress my friends without losing it. When we were at a party my friend Paige saw Jake hitting on me. I could not escape fast enough though. Paige ran over to me and whispered in my ear He was totally hitting on you! You have to go back over there and flirt with him. He wants you! I gave her a weak smile and croaked okay as I walked away. I went back up to Jake and he flirted with me like it was a cake walk for him. He nonchalantly kept letting me take swigs from his bottle of Smirnoff raspberry as we joked and laughed together. After time passes by Jake asks Do you want to get away from all these people for a few? I just smiled and shook my head because I knew on the inside I really did not want to go, but my friends were watching and I could not back down. We started to walk to his car but we only made it to the side of the house before he pulled me towards him and started making out with me. He immediately moved my hands to his groin area and put his hands down my pants just as things got really heated I was saved. Someone screamed the cops were coming and everyone dispersed to clean up the alcohol and drugs before they got there. My friends asked me about what had happened when I got back. I told them that things got interrupted because of the cops coming, but still gave them the details about what happened. .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 , .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .postImageUrl , .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 , .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:hover , .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:visited , .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:active { border:0!important; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:active , .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26 .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7247f6e9640576ad62880f24e69dd26:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 6Th Grade Science Sources Of Energy Answers And QuestionsThey were smiling from ear to ear they were so proud. None of them had ever gotten with one of the varsity football players. I knew I was not proud of myself though. I realized I was done my life of boys, parties, and fake friends was a joke. I no longer wanted this life of degrading myself. I wanted to be able to have fun with my friends and make memories that I could remember. Not get so drunk I could barely walk or I would be in a bathroom throwing up. I wanted boys to respect me and find me beautiful not see me as a slut. I wanted friends who would be there for me and respect my decisions not pressure me into partying or having sexual relations I was not ready for. I learned that I rather have a few close friends who I could enjoy spending time with then a bunch of friends who forced me into situations I was not comfortable with. Even though I wish that my freshman year did not turn out the way it did it made me who I am today. I have learned that I am smart independent young lady, who wants true love, and to succeed in life. I no longer waste my time and life throwing it down the drain by hanging out with the wrong crowd.

Winslow Homers Breezing Up Essays - Breezing Up, Winslow Homer, Sea

Winslow Homers "Breezing Up" The 1873 masterpiece "Breezing Up", by Winslow Homer located in the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC is an oil on canvas painting that measures 23 3/13 X 38 1/6 in.. The primary subject of this painting is a man with three boys in a small wooden sail boat that is moving along with what appears to be a fairly choppy sea. At the center of this painting is the stern of the sail boat. The oldest of the boys is sitting on the high end of the stern with his knees up and his bare feet planted flat on the deck in order to keep him from slipping down into the water. This image forms a powerful triangle in the center of the painting. The boy?s use of only one hand on the tiller line combined with his relaxed posture suggest that he is very much at ease with his responsibility of steering the boat. His face is only visible in a semi-profile view which exposes his chin, left cheek, and eye socket. These features are well defined against thick layers of puffy clouds which are lingering over the water. Like the others in the boat he is facing away from the setting sun which causes the light to reflect off the back of his long sleeved shirt and hat. Just to the boy?s right is the man in the boat who is presumably the father of the boys. His seated position below the deck allows the viewer only to see his face shoulders, arms, and hands. His red long sleeved shirt is the brightest color in the painting, and his calloused hands show strength as he holds the halyard firm in the cleat with a fully extended arm. Of the four people in the boat he is the only one with a troubled look on his face. According to David Prown this is a very common characteristic in Homer?s work. He says: Although the adults of Homer?s world seem isolated, his children frolic together in a cheerful world of laughter and mutuality. For Homer, growing up seems to imply a loss, a fall from paradise, removal from happy, carefree innocence and high spirits to a serious, lonely existence in which each man is an island unto himself. (Prown 86) This is the perfect description of the expressions of the people in this painting. The children are clearly relaxed and content, but the father has an expression that suggests that he has something weighing heavy on his mind, and that he is receiving only temporary relief as he relaxes on the water with his sons. The other two boys are relaxing up towards the bow of the boat. The older of the two is stretched out across the deck covering the width of the bow with his leather shoes hovering inches over the water. The youngest of the boys is sitting up right on the deck with his feet resting inside the boat and he has a pleasant look of deep thought on his face. Clearly all of these boys are relaxed and content with their surroundings. Numerous fish inside of the boat suggest that this group has had an afternoon of fishing and recreation. They are not dressed for serious fishing, so there is a good chance they are out there strictly for leisure. A building off the bow on the distant shore is barely visible, and combined with the long shadows of the setting sun, it seems that they are heading home. Homers soft blue sky and puffy white clouds take up 2/3 of the canvas, leaving only the bottom third for the water and the horizon. The sky is completely empty except for a lone gull who?s wings are lit up by the sun as is hovers directly in line with what appears to be a tiny illuminated sail of another boat on the very distant horizon. Homer also has an uncommon ability to recreate curves just as they would appear in nature. He uses this ability to capture the shape and form of the rolling waves in the sea, by even more than that he uses it to capture the human experience. The use of the sunlight as it reflects off the cloths of the people in the boat adds to the realistic nature of this painting. The wrinkles of white cotton shirts of the boy?s are accented brilliantly as the sun illuminates and caused shadows on different parts of their arms. The

Abuse Of The Innocent Essays (693 words) - Animal Welfare

Abuse of The Innocent annon Is it right to force a mouse to live it's live in a laboratory cage to test anti-cancer drug? How would you like to be squeezed in a cage with many other animals, not being able to touch the grass, run around and play, smell the flowers, or go for a walk in the warmth of the sunshine? Animal cruelty is wrong because we are hurting the Innocent. Animals experience and feel pain, fear , anxiety, stress, depression, boredom, joy and happiness. Animals are very intelligent, some ever learn our own language. Most people experience their first bond with an animal. Not only do they bring a companion and a friend into our lives, but also unconditional love and comfort. Pet shops and puppy mills mass produce, kennels are overcrowded and dirty, with very little nutrition. Cats/dogs are held in metal cages and lead miserable lives breeding continuously. Animals suffer and are neglected, some are sold to research laboratories. A large number of animals are raised for slaughter each year. A cow has a natural life span of twenty- five to thirty years, but only survives for an average of five.1 An estimated seventeen million raccoons, beavers, bobcats, lynx, coyotes, muskrats, nutria, and other animals are trapped each year in the United States for fur.2 They suffer from unbearable pain for several hours before their lives are ended by the trapper's club. Is the price of live worth the price of fur? Psalm 104, 27-30. All creatures depend on you to feed them throughout the year: you provide the food they eat, with generous hands you satisfy their hunger. You turn your face away, they suffer. You stop their breath, they die and revert to dust. You give breath, fresh life begins, you keep renewing the world. Disections have been practiced in biology classes for many years. Critics accuse some teachers of killing and argue that disection teaches nothing but cruelty. Nothing is learned by cutting up an animal that cannot be learned from photographs or drawings. Children do not learn about the human body by killing and disecting a person, they learn from diagrams and textbooks. Vivisection means cutting alive. It is a worldwide practice involving millions of animals. Scientists say that vivisections may not necessarily be painful. Every living being with a brain, spinal column, and central nervous system feels pain. Animals were not created for entertainment. What do zoos really teach children? The animals are stolen from their natural habitats and are brutally transferred. They suffer from boredom and have natural needs such as running, climbing, flying, and natural mating. All of the magic and glitter of the circus hides the true animal cruelty. Several animals are confined to small cages, muzzled, and repeatedly whipped in training. They are declawed, have their teeth removed, and drugged to be obedient. Military research on animals include monkeys, baboons, rats, guinea pigs, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, and mice. ... when I see my closest relative locked in a restraining box, his head filled with electrodes, and all he has got to reach out to you is with his eyes, then how can we respond to that if we close ours?.3 Weapons are tested on innocent animals, nerve gas, bullets, and bombs are all used. One sad insight is gleaned from this statement, made by a Porton workman who lost his bearings: 'I thought I was ill, I thought I was seeing things. It was a little monkey enclosed In a glass cage. Its eyes seemed to be falling out and it couldn't breathe. It was in dreadful, dreadful distress. I forgot everything and went near it and said something to it, and it buried its head in it's arms and sobbed like a child. I never slept that night, and the next day managed to go back to the same room, but it was nearly finished by then. It had sunk to a little heap at the bottom of the glass cage.'.4 Animal cruelty is wrong, we are hurting the innocent. Cruelty of animals can be stopped, not only do we have to open our eyes, but open our mouths as well. Read a book, write a letter, join a group or start a group, either way, an animal will be grateful for the chance of a happy life.

The Political Metaphors in Washington Irvings Rip Van Wink essays

The Political Metaphors in Washington Irvings Rip Van Wink essays Throughout Rip Van Winkle, Washington Irving creates a feature of a henpecked husband, Rip, who goes to the mountain to avoid his wife, but finds that he has slept for twenty years and wakes after the American Revolution. While reading Rip Van Winkle, I found that it goes through in a comical way. What attracted me most is that there are some points very similar to Chinese stories, such as the henpecked characteristic and the time change. At first, it seems to me that I am reading a funny Chinese story! In addition, when I read it second time, I found that besides comicality, there are many serious political metaphors in the story: Rip Van Winkle especially offers political satire masked in the form of entertainment (Michelle Hornick). To my surprise, under such a comical plot, there also exits some political metaphors whether are images or satire. Therefore, this paper discusses the political metaphors in the story. Totally speaking, this story is divided into two parts, before and after Rips twenty-year nap in the Kaatskill Mountains, roughly between 1760s and 1780s. In other words, we can say that the American Revolution divides it into two parts. It is interesting that Rip sleeps through the American Revolution; after him waking, he faces many social changes in the society, which make him confused, and this is the central clue of the whole story. Before Rips nap, which is before the American Revolution, America is dominated by England. Americans do not have the freedom of politics. It is much more like a quiet rural place. However, after revolution, America is independent and has its own political rights. Above are the general backgrounds of the story. What is more important, the political metaphors in Rip Van Winkle are expanded around these concepts. I consider that the relationship between Rip and his wife, Dame Van Winkle, rea...

Use of Local Extract Ventilation (LEV) to Help Draw Welding Fume Away Case Study

Use of Local Extract Ventilation (LEV) to Help Draw Welding Fume Away From the Breathing Zone of Welders - Case Study Example In this regard, implementation of Local Extract Ventilation (LEV) is regarded as one of such steps, which possesses the ability to enhance the quality of the work environment. A qualitative research has been conducted for this study in order to increase its credibility. This is mainly because the research approach will help in attaining the desired objectives relevant to the subject matter of the research. With the speculation of the different available resources, it is observed that the implementation of LEV is going to impose the positive impact on the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management practices of the organizations at large. Organisations are presently developing their entities and credibility in the market by enhancing its sustainability. To develop health and safety measures, the organizations in this present day context attempt to incorporate different measures. It is mandatory for the organizations to maintain safety needs in the workplace and promote different safety requirements of the workers with the aim of conducting operational functions effectively. The governmental organizations are integrating strict laws that develop a proper system and enhance the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) management to implement a healthy environment in the workplace. It is mandatory for every organization to manage health and safety at workplace and enhance the organizational ability to comply with diverse health needs. The strategic implementation of different health measures is quite indispensable for designing a proper environment to enhance the different needs of health and safety at the workplace. Specifi cally for the people working in hazardous areas and companies operating within hazardous elements, maintaining OSH is mandatory.  

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean weekly Reflection Assignment

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean weekly Reflection - Assignment Example Mestizos in the Latin society gain their identity from their hard work and economic success while Mestizaje refers to those that are indigenous. Metrizos build racial discrimination to the African-origin people regardless of them gaining the originality from industrialization. Indigenous and black movements seek to minimize the politics of difference by sensitizing minimum native identification and equitable distribution of resources. (Sanabria Harry, 2007) On gender and sexuality, the Latin American women for a long time have been considered inferior in allocation of labor activities and distribution of resources for economic growth. High rates of illiteracy gaps between the male and female gender has been associated with the minimum number of females who are educated. Since colonialism, the Latin American gender parity has reduced and enabled more women get education and training. Gender in the Latin society is faced with a new identity that is considered a third sex in the society. This is neither man nor woman, transgender. The anatomic difference between proto-men and proto-women are not systematically cognized. (Sanabria Harry, 2007)To them sexual identity is less important in defining a person’s interpersonal bonds and self identity or recognition in the society. Heterosexuality and homosexuality is disregarded and the society does not teach any sexual disparity to the younger generation. Feminism has promoted empowerment of women in the general aspects to men. Women through their movements have been able to maintain their homesteads as single mothers who have been oppressed by masculine domination and left to fend for themselves. Behavioral experiences, drugs and gangs in the Latin American society degrade the fatherhood ability of the male gender leaving women to be the responsible homestead keepers. (Sanabria Harry, 2007)Gender violence is an issue that will require

Air Quality in Tung Chung Essay Example for Free

Air Quality in Tung Chung Essay In summer, wind blow from south to east, there is low pressure on land and high pressure on sea, onshore wind from Central China and in winter, wind blow from north to west, serious air pollution in Tung Chung due to monsoon wind. As there is high pressure on land and low pressure on sea, offshore wind from Central China to Pacific Ocean blows air pollutants emitted by industries, power stations and vehicles from South China to Tung Chung. Secondly, another cause is human factors. The major developments on Lantau Island at present are the Hong Disneyland and Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok, AsiaWorld-Expo and power station in Penny’s Bay. First, combustion of fossil fuels from the airplanes at the Airport worsens the air quality in Tung Chung. Second, busy vehicular flow to the airport, AsiaWorld-Expo and Hong Kong Disneyland and emits air pollutants. Third, fireworks at Hong Kong Disneyland produce air pollutants which are blown to Tung Chung by wind. Last, air pollutants also emitted from the Penny’s Bay Power Station. The major development project on Lantau Island in the future includes the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge. The commercial work and the busy vehicular flow after their completion will further produce more air pollution. The air quality in Tung Chung is likely to be worsened in future. Rapid economic development in South China results in serious air pollution in Tung Chung. As more industries are relocated from Hong Kong to South China due to lower production cost, there is a rapid cross-border flow of goods and people between Hong Kong and South China. There are some type of air pollutants: Carbon oxides, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide and Sulfur dioxide. In conclusion, the air quality of Tung Chung is poor. Physical and human factors are the causes of air pollution in Tung Chung.

Tower of Hanoi Solutions

Tower of Hanoi Solutions Introduction The Tower of Hanoi is a puzzle popularized in 1883 by Edouard Lucas, a French scientist famous for his study of the Fibonacci sequence. However, this puzzles roots are from an ancient legend of a Hindu temple. The legend states that there is a secret room in a hidden temple that contains three large pegs. One of these poles has 64 golden disks stacked upon it, each disk being smaller then the disk underneath it, with the biggest disk at the bottom. Since the beginning of time, monks have been trying to shift the 64 disks onto the third peg. The monks also can only transfer the disks if the following rules are followed. First, the monks can only move one disk at a time, and second, they cannot put larger disks on top of smaller disks. Once all 64 disks are shifted to the third peg, the world will end. After encountering this puzzle (in a simpler form) at a science fair a couple years ago and seeing it occasionally even today in an engineering classroom environment, I decided that this was the perfect opportunity to examine this puzzle at a deeper level. (A basic rendition of a 3 disk tower)   Ã‚   Aim My aim is to explore the different patterns that lead to the answer to the legend: how much time would it take for the world to end? Finding an Optimal Strategy In order to get closer to solving this puzzle, the goal will be to find the most efficient way to get 64 disks onto the third peg. To better grasp the mathematical concepts and patterns when solving the tower, it would be easier to look at a simpler version of the puzzle, such as the following 3 disk example. Binary Code (Standard Gray Code) We can relate the pattern seen above to binary code, specifically Standard Gray Code. Standard Gray Code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one (binary) digit. Using this method may bring us closer to being able to solve the 64 disk tower. If we relate the example in Figure 1 with Standard Gray Code, using 3 binary digits, we are left with something like this: 000 Step 1 001 Step 2 011 Step 3 010 Step 4 110 Step 5 111 Step 6 101 Step 7 100 Step 8 For example, Step 1 is shown by the three digits 000. The next step is 001, changing the digit that corresponds with the smallest disk, which means disk 1 is the first disk to move in the solution. And to continue, Step 2 is 011, showing that now the middle (second) disk is being moved. This method could lead us to the solution of a 64 disk tower, as it would show which disk to move; however, the flaw in this method is that even though the binary digits can show which disk has moved, it does not show where to move it. There are always two possibilities for each disk, and when we factor in the 64 other disks, the calculations get extremely tedious and suboptimal as a solution. Recursive Pattern The next viable solution is finding a recursive pattern to determine how many moves it would take to solve the puzzle, depending on the number of disks. A recursive pattern uses information from the previous step to find the next. In order to move n amount of disks from peg 1 to peg 3, we can again refer to Figure 1. The first step is transferring n-1 disks from peg 1 to peg 3. We assign a variable to the number of moves this takes, in this case, M. Next, transfer the middle disk to peg 2 (step 3) and finally, transfer the remaining disks from peg 3 to peg 2 (step 4). When you move n amount of disks to any peg, the number of moves will be the same, no matter which direction you choose to go. From this, we can find an equation to finding the moves needed for any number of disks:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2M + 1, where M equals the number of moves needed to transfer n-1 disks from peg 1 to peg 2. This brings up another flaw to the problem. In order to find how many moves needed to transfer 64 disks, we also need to calculate the number of moves for 63, 62, 61, etc amount of disks as well. Because of this, the recursive pattern cannot be used to find the time it takes before the world ends. However, what the recursive pattern can do is generate numbers that lead into a non recursive pattern. # of Disks # of Moves 2M + 1 1 1 2(0) + 1 = 1 2 3 2(1) + 1 = 3 3 7 2(3) + 1 = 7 4 15 2(7) + 1 = 15 5 31 2(15) + 1 = 31 From Table 2, we can see that the third column represents a geometric progression that can help us find a formula for a non-recursive pattern. Non-Recursive Pattern (Explicit Pattern) When looking back at Table 2, there is a direct correlation that can be made from the number of disks and the number of moves. Recognizing that there is a geometric progression, one could infer the pattern that is being used though the power of two. # of Disks # of Moves 1 21 1 = 1 2 22 1 = 3 3 23 1 = 7 4 24 1 =15 5 25 1 =31 Therefore the function to find the number of steps with any number of disks would be 2n 1, with n being the # of disks. Just to further prove that 2n 1 is the correct function, we can graph 2n 1 and compare to the number of disks and moves in Table 2. It completely fits the data points, confirming the relation between the points and the function. Now we can just plug in the function: 264 1 = 590,000,000,000 years Conclusion In order to move 64 disks from the first peg to the third, the monks would need over 590 billion years, assuming that they can move one disk per second. The function 2n 1 was found by recognizing the geometric progressions in the recursive formula and using it in an explicit pattern. This function can be used to find the most optimal number of moves it would take to move any number of disks to the third peg. Bibliography Bogomolny, Alexander. Tower of Hanoi. Tower of Hanoi. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. . Johnson, P. Sam, Recurrence Relations And Their Solutions (Problem : Tower Of Hanoi), 2015 December 26, and 1/1. Information on Subsets of a Set. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. . Longman, Addison Wesley. Millers Mathematical Ideas, 9th Edition Web Site Chapter 4 Internet Project. Millers Mathematical Ideas, 9th Edition Web Site Chapter 4 Internet Project. Pearson Education, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. Math, Dr. Ask Dr. Math FAQ: Tower of Hanoi. Mathforum.org. Drexel University, n.d.  Ã‚   Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

First Language and Learning English Essay

Language is the most dynamic form of symbolism that cultures possesses. Language is the medium in which people interact and communicate for the exchange of ideas, knowledge and feelings. Language acquisition has been one of the most intriguing aspects of human nature and had been the focus of different disciplines. For the most part, language acquisition had been theorized and conceptualized in different ways all of which was to determine where language came from and how it developed. On the other hand, the multicultural aspect and globalization of our society have made it almost a necessity to learn English as the most favored international language. Most educational curriculums in the world integrate the learning of English as a second language especially in areas where the first or native language is structurally different from English (Gitsaki, 1998). According to Krashen’s (1981) model of second language acquisition â€Å"acquired and learned languages are different†. Language acquisition is a subconscious process brought about by the meaningful interaction of the individual with the target language while learning a language is a conscious process which results in conscious knowledge about the language (Krashen, 1981, p. 103). Learning a second language is a complex process that can be affected by different factors, one of the most leading issue is that of how first language affects the teaching of English as a foreign language in the classroom. Several researches have reported that first language proficiency strongly predicts English language learning (Clay, 1993; Snow, Burns, & Griffin, 1998), moreover, a strong correlation between first language fluency and learning English was also reported (Hiebert, Pearson, Taylor, Richardson, and Paris, 1998). Children who have to learn a second language generally have to use first language in comprehension and analysis of the information exchanged in the second language. Therefore the impact of first language to learning a second language can be facilitative while it can also interfere with learning a second language such as English (Bialystok, 2002). This literature review would present what has been known about the role of the first language in learning English as a second language in the context of classroom learning as well as how teachers can effectively use the first language to the teaching of English. This exercise would also discuss the theoretical framework, the research methods and the strengths and weaknesses of the presented literature. Appendix Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1). Bialystok, E. (2002). Cognitive processes of L2 users. In V. Cook (Ed. ), Portrait of the L2 user (pp. 147-165). New York: Multilingual Matters. Burden, P. (2000). The use of the students mother tongue in monolingual English ‘conversation’ classes at Japanese universities. TLT Online Editor. Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. jalt-publications. org/tlt/articles/2000/06/burden Clay, M. (1993). Reading Recovery in English and other Languages. Keynote address presented at the West Coast Literacy Conference, Palm Springs, CA Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters. Cummins, J. (2001). Bilingual children’s mother tongue: Why is it important for education? Retrieved May 12, 2008, from http://www. oise. utoronto. ca/MLC/MotherTongueDK. pdf Garcia, G. E. (2000). Bilingual children’s reading. In M. Kamil, P. Mosenthal, D. Pearson, & R. Barr (Eds. ), Handbook of reading research Volume III (pp. 163-179). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Giacobbe, J. (1992). A cognitive view of the role of L1 in the L2 acquisition process. Second Language Research, 8; 3, 232-250. Gitsaki, C. (1998) Second Language Acquisition Theories: Overview and Evaluation. Journal of Communication and International Studies 4; 2:89-98. Hamers, J. & Blanc, M. (2000). Bilinguality and bilingualism 2nd ed. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Public International Law

In addition to our syllabus, more of the oral and reporting which is usual in the class will take place. The lessons I learned from my English summer class are not that quite easy to analyze but with the help of our professor, it is more easy to understand because he taught very clearly. The PAP style syllabus which Is about the avoidance of plagiarism help me to know Its Limitations and rules that I should follow for us to know the Limit of exceeding in the line. Actually, there are many different ways to credit the author that you get your sources from, whether it is a book, magazine, newspaper or online research.Back in high school, whenever we are gathering information from different resources, we were always task to do the bibliography properly. Now in college, there were similarity in acknowledging the authors and the creditors, the deference is that when we are studying the PAP styles, it shows how broad the topic Is and how important to follow all the formats that were given In the syllabus. And It is not only we are studying the format in gathering from the book, but there were different given circumstances and example which is very helpful for me.Before, in other subjects when we are task to do some home works and there should be acknowledgements we Just copies the link of it, the thing is back then we didn't know that when we get from the online sites, there are still formats to follow which I knew now already and I'm not Joking that I actually already memorized how to credit the authors or even If here's not, the format of It are now clear In my mind and maybe In the future, the PAP style which we tackled is very helpful for us not to be accused for popularizing.Other lessons we learned, in the reporting area in particular the Narratives conventions and devices, teaching us on how to sequence properly the stories and the importance of order. Second, the Logical fallacies are a fallacy in logical argumentation. For example, Bandwagon Is a cause that has suddenly become fashionable or popular. Suggesting that simply because a lot of others are doing It, you should too.Last example is the Hasty generalizations, which draw a conclusion from insufficient evidence. In the end, the last topic in all the reporting is the writing process, which is a several steps to go through to make up to an essay. First to the last steps are the preprinting, writing, revising, editing and publishing. For me, the importance of reading is very helpful whenever I write reflection papers or essays. Actually It has a significant number of benefits.Beforehand, I'm really not Into instructor would always say to us that for us to be fluent and good in English, we should read every day for us to widen our vocabulary and ideas that will refreshed our minds, and it expands our knowledge and discoveries which is a great help. Since reading is keeping your brain active, it will lessen your forgetfulness which results in better writing skills. So whenever I write some paper works, the ideas and imaginations is more broad that results in composing a good sentences and paragraphs.When the writing process was tackled in the reporting, I listed it down because if you like to be a good composer or a writer, the process and orders are very important to follow. And, following these steps is not only necessary to achieve a good grade; it would also develop your writing skill, and make you able to think in a more organized way. After all, writing is not only a product, rather, a process also. To sum it up, all the topics that we discussed really helped me. Maybe until before or after I graduate I can still use all the lessons I learned. Public International Law In addition to our syllabus, more of the oral and reporting which is usual in the class will take place. The lessons I learned from my English summer class are not that quite easy to analyze but with the help of our professor, it is more easy to understand because he taught very clearly. The PAP style syllabus which Is about the avoidance of plagiarism help me to know Its Limitations and rules that I should follow for us to know the Limit of exceeding in the line. Actually, there are many different ways to credit the author that you get your sources from, whether it is a book, magazine, newspaper or online research.Back in high school, whenever we are gathering information from different resources, we were always task to do the bibliography properly. Now in college, there were similarity in acknowledging the authors and the creditors, the deference is that when we are studying the PAP styles, it shows how broad the topic Is and how important to follow all the formats that were given In the syllabus. And It is not only we are studying the format in gathering from the book, but there were different given circumstances and example which is very helpful for me.Before, in other subjects when we are task to do some home works and there should be acknowledgements we Just copies the link of it, the thing is back then we didn't know that when we get from the online sites, there are still formats to follow which I knew now already and I'm not Joking that I actually already memorized how to credit the authors or even If here's not, the format of It are now clear In my mind and maybe In the future, the PAP style which we tackled is very helpful for us not to be accused for popularizing.Other lessons we learned, in the reporting area in particular the Narratives conventions and devices, teaching us on how to sequence properly the stories and the importance of order. Second, the Logical fallacies are a fallacy in logical argumentation. For example, Bandwagon Is a cause that has suddenly become fashionable or popular. Suggesting that simply because a lot of others are doing It, you should too.Last example is the Hasty generalizations, which draw a conclusion from insufficient evidence. In the end, the last topic in all the reporting is the writing process, which is a several steps to go through to make up to an essay. First to the last steps are the preprinting, writing, revising, editing and publishing. For me, the importance of reading is very helpful whenever I write reflection papers or essays. Actually It has a significant number of benefits.Beforehand, I'm really not Into instructor would always say to us that for us to be fluent and good in English, we should read every day for us to widen our vocabulary and ideas that will refreshed our minds, and it expands our knowledge and discoveries which is a great help. Since reading is keeping your brain active, it will lessen your forgetfulness which results in better writing skills. So whenever I write some paper works, the ideas and imaginations is more broad that results in composing a good sentences and paragraphs.When the writing process was tackled in the reporting, I listed it down because if you like to be a good composer or a writer, the process and orders are very important to follow. And, following these steps is not only necessary to achieve a good grade; it would also develop your writing skill, and make you able to think in a more organized way. After all, writing is not only a product, rather, a process also. To sum it up, all the topics that we discussed really helped me. Maybe until before or after I graduate I can still use all the lessons I learned.

WHITE NIGHTS AND POLAR LIGHTS essays

WHITE NIGHTS AND POLAR LIGHTS essays 1. How important is the acquisition of Russian Oil to a Western oil firm? How would you value the worth of this acquisition for different companies? Lets first take a look at the natural advantage of investment in oil industry in Russia. Russia is the worlds largest single producer of crude petroleum. Its reserves of petroleum were the seventh largest in the world and its reserves of natural gas the largest. Moreover, Russia is located directly next to the lucrative European and Japanese markets and boasted an existing network of pipelines and refineries capable of serving Western Europe. Investment in Russian oil seemed relatively free of the currency constraints that dogged other potential investments since oil exports could presumably be priced and sold in hard currency. But in the middle of 1990s, the political risk increased. The government had passed measures taxing foreign owned ventures nearly to the point of bankruptcy. With the unravelling of Soviet Union, the oil market was reopened to the outside world and permitted to woo foreign investment again. To facilitate investment, the law that allowed for foreign participation in the exploration of natural resources, granting a legal right for joint ventures with 30% or greater foreign participation to export 100% of their oil, stipulating only that exploration and extraction licenses be granted on the basis of public bid or auction had been passed. Despite rapid attempts to create a Western-style legal frame work, Russias legal system remained underdeveloped, lacking any serious foundation of contract, property, or corporate law. No Western investor could be confident of how the laws would be interpreted, or on what grounds legal decisions would be made. Tax was also a big problem bothered foreig n investors. The Russian Subcommittee on Taxation acknowledged that taxes absorbed roughly 52% of the gross revenues of petroleum projects or even as high as 75% ...

Study of Video Clips essays

Study of Video Clips essays Nowa days, the adolescent culture is strongly represented through the use of video clips. One singer in particular, Madonna, can be seen as a cultural symbol. She reflects females rights, rebellion and sexuality. This can strongly be seen in the video clip Like A Prayer. Also in the clip cultural and religious issues are strongly challenged. Through out the clip, it conforms that women are the weaker sex. This is shown through a variety of symbols. Madonna mainly influences the older adolescents. The new girl on the scene Sophie Ellis Bextors Clip Get Over You strongly represents the female adolescent culture. There are lots of symbols throughout the clip representing the female culture. It also comes across as the females being the weaker sex even though they dominated the video clip. To most adolescent females, Madonna can strongly be seen as a symbol of power. This strongly comes through in the clip Like a prayer where she challenges Christianity. In the video clip there are many startling images of several burning crosses on a lawn or a hill. These crosses were in the background, while Madonna was facing the camera and singing. This strongly challenges religion and is showing her rebellion. The crossed burning made me think that shes a very out spoken women who has a lot of nerve. The cross is the symbol of Christianity. Seeing the cross engulfed in fire, which symbolizes a destructive force, is very disturbing for anyone to see, even if they are not Christian. Because of Madonnas power over the adolescent culture, I hope that Christians who view the clip do not see this as the right thing to do. Throughout the clip cultural issues are conformed by seeing the abuse of the black man. Madonna also challenges some of the issues presented to the viewer. In one scene it shows a group of white men beating up a white women. When the men run away the black man goes to help he ...

Malnutrition among people older than 65 years Essay

Malnutrition among people older than 65 years - Essay Example The study â€Å"Malnutrition among people older than 65 years† investigates the psychological effects of malnutrition among the elderly and their caregivers. Despite the recent attention given to malnutrition among elderly people, politicians have been painfully slow in taking the issue seriously. Finding a way to solve this issue forms the basis for this paper. In medical terms, malnutrition is either effect if illness or a cause of illness. Malnutrition can be a result of another disease like cancer. For instance, people undergoing cancer treatment are usually nauseated and their appetite is usually low. The disinterest in eating can lead to leads to malnourishment if it goes on for a longtime. Malnourishment can lead to exhaustion, confusion, and increases the risk of infections due to a weak immune system as well as increasing the risk of falling due to muscle weakness. Psychological factors such as depression and social isolation can also lead to under-eating. Health prom otion theory usually helps in in capturing the nature of health promotion in a way that provides a framework for analyzing and describing the processes, activities and contents of health promotion. Health promotion model studies health promotion framework, practice and design intervention. There are several models of health promotion such as Beattie’s model, Tannahill’s model, Holland and Caplan’s model, Pender’s model and Tone’s model. The public is more aware than ever before about the dangers of malnutrition among the older people.

Life With Mom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life With Mom - Essay Example It was 12 years back in 1998 when my mother and I made our way to Las Vegas; the much celebrated party town of United States of America. Back in 1998, at the Excalibur Hotel where we both stayed looked like a giant medieval castle that swallowed us like a tiny dust particle through a huge vacuum cleaner that we call luxury. From the very beginning of our arrival to Las Vegas the MGM Grand Hotel with all its surrounding myths regarding its sprawling luxurious establishments allured us to make a visit to that place. Hence, in one hot and dry Vegas evening we took a little walk and after a brief period of time stood right in front of the magnanimity of the modern Vegas. A huge golden lion above the entrance welcomed us, but fortunately, without a roar. Soon our already enchanted souls made their way into the hotel and suddenly we found ourselves before a giant television where no other than Elvis Presley was singing and dancing. Wine has a funny thing; it becomes precious as it gets old and so does Presley. Finally a casino parted the ways of my mom and me. The casino was by far the largest we have seen and without any argument took care of individual preferences when it mattered. The blackjack table drew me as light draws an insect to slowly burn itself yet does not forget to allot its share of warmth before it turns it to ashes. My mother had other attractions and soon made her comfortable with the jangling quarter slot machines. One thing you can be rest assured about the casinos, here on one hand you will find jubilant gamblers, screaming their throats out in joy with each coin they win and on the other shouts not so jubilant and rather filled with suppressed anger knock your ears down with each successive loss they incur. Our experience with this particular casino was no different and we somewhat liked it. After 30 minutes of hue and cry I felt my mother’s assuring hands on my shoulder and with a smile and a following tap of praise she declared that sh e had just won $1400.00 and we should leave while we are wining. Frankly speaking, at first I wasn’t happy about leaving so early yet when she showed me the dollars she had just won; I quit my game and left with my joyful mother to seek another adventure in Las Vegas. After all luck is like a southern wind that might change sides with a wink of an eye. If life were only a matter of casinos and parties, perhaps Santa would have lost his job. Two women with age differences and weaved through a social relation called mother and daughter are bound to rub their shoulders against each other but not always because Michal Jordon has put a basket. My mom and me were no exception. As I remember in a summer afternoon that was hot enough to boil our brain we both sat in our kitchen and normal talks were being exchanged. Her eyes were fixed into a magazine yet she was more engrossed on talking about Uncle Tom and Aunt Joanne that I had found unnecessary interference. I never felt being an individual human being one should unnecessarily interfere into my own life and I should respect the same about him. Hence I stopped my mother in doing so and that unleashed her anger upon me. It all started with her harping on my weight that had nothing to deal with it that moment; upset to the brink I threw a cup of cold water to her that was immediately answered by throwing of a cup of

Edouard Manet Meet the Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Edouard Manet Meet the Artist - Essay Example He was a critical figure in the evolution from Realism to Impressionism. His style of art greatly portrayed a contemporary ethos which showcased his interest in the various art paintings he exhibited. His initial masterpieces would later function as key inspiration for various painters in the future. Most of his paintings served as edifying points for the fledgling painters who were aspiring to craft Impressionism. Some examples of his exceptional paintings are the Olympia and Luncheon on the Grass. These two paintings spurred great debate and criticism since it was argued that the canvases lacked moral belief. During his time, the Paris Salon, which was a major exhibition center, rejected his submission of the art due to his eccentric painting style during that particular era. Even though he had prior submitted multiple art works to the Salon, some of which earned the Salon’s worthy mention. His choice for the modern portraits was a high target for public criticism. Following the rejection of approximately 4000 paintings by Paris Salon in 1863, King Napoleon III ordered the establishment of a Salon des Refusà ©s (Salon of the Rejected), aimed at exhibiting the rejected paintings. Manet most of his rejected paintings at this exhibition and later moved on to Spain and build a pavilion using his inheritance to aid in promoting his art contemporary art.  

Organizations Performance Essay Example for Free

Organizations Performance Essay An organization’s performance is vital for their success and it is important that all employees are on board with making sure the performance is of high quality. It differs from other evaluations within the company because the performance evaluation â€Å"focuses on the organization as the primary unit of analysis† (Evaluating the Performance of an Organization, 2012). Within an organization’s performance it helps determine the actual output or end results of an organization against the intended outputs or goals for the organization (businessdictionary. com). The product market performance is also included in an organizations performance. Some tools can help the organization change or â€Å"improve their policies on behalf of greater preparedness for the many futures ahead† (NYUWagner, 2011). Different areas and tools are used to determine the organization’s performance and how well they either are doing or how much improvement the organization needs to bring their performance up. â€Å"Organizations are constantly trying to adapt, survive, perform and influence† but that does not always mean they are successful at doing what they do (Evaluating the Performance of an Organization, 2012). One way that an organization can better their performance is by conducting an organizational assessment to diagnose their current performance to see what is working and what could use a little bit of improvement. This â€Å"tool can help organizations obtain useful data on their performance, identify important factors that aid or impede their achievement of results, and situate themselves with respect to competitors† (Evaluating the Performance of an Organization, 2012). The main four tools for organizational performance are effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, and financial viability. â€Å"Effectiveness is the capability of producing a desired result† (businessdictionary.com). This means that if something is considered to be effective then it has an intended or expected outcome which is what is used in the organizations to determine if what is set in place is working effectively or if additional changes need to be made. There is sufficient reason and means with effectiveness and that is to accomplish a purpose. Without a purpose there is not an effective meaning behind conducting business or maintaining a successful organization. Effectiveness is a very good tool for organizations and managers to understand and become familiar with to be on the right track for success. Another tool that management should be familiar with and make sure the organization is doing is efficiency. Efficiency is not to be confused with effective even though sometimes they are mixed up and confused. â€Å"Efficiency describes the extent to which time, effort or cost is well used for the intended task or purpose† (businessdictionary.com). Typically efficiency is used with the specific purpose of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort (Evaluating the Performance of an Organization, 2012). Relevance is a basic tool but one that can help in the success of an organization. It is â€Å"the ability to retrieve material that satisfies the needs of the user† mostly in the terms of an informational retrieval system (businessdictionary.com). Management need to have relevance in order to be successful because they need to be able to pull the necessary information from production, departments, and other sources to see if what is being produced or utilized is satisfying their requirements or not. For a business to be effective they need to â€Å"strive for the best possible economic results from the resources currently employed or available† (Drucker, 1963). Having an effective business is the key for the business to be able to grow and establish themselves as a company and within the community. Several different techniques are used to allow the business to become effective. One of the keys for successful management â€Å"is to examine the marketplace† and focus on the process of management versus the output (Drucker, 1963). When focusing on the process of management it is important for the company to look at strategy, planning and budgeting and understand the difference between each of them yet understand how each one works with each other to make it successful. â€Å"Strategy is a high level plan to achieve one or more goals under conditions of uncertainty† (businessdictionary.com). For a business to be successful they need to implement some sort of strategy. Strategy is important because it helps to utilize all of the resources that are available or could be available for the project at hand. Most of the time resources are usually limited and in order to achieve the goals that the company has set in place making sure the strategy is set in place will help the process flow more smoothly. â€Å"Strategy is also about attaining and maintaining a position of advantage† over the opponents, or competition that is able to have flexibility instead of having to stick to any specific fixed plan. By allowing there to be slight flexibility that allows the company to try to keep an advantage over the competition and stay ahead compared to the other organizations. Planning â€Å"is the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to achieve a desired goal† (businessdictionary.com). Strategy could be considered the first step and then planning would be the second step in achieving the desired goal for organizational su ccess. Planning involves the construction and maintenance of a plan. â€Å"This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan† or combination of it with other plans (NYUWagner, 2011). Planning typically combines forecasting of development with the preparation for how the organization should react to these situations. For the organization to remain successful it needs to understand the importance and relationship between planning and forecasting. â€Å"Forecasting can be described as predicting what the future will look like† or what the future might hold for the company and â€Å"planning predicts what the future should look like† (NYUWagner, 2011). Organizations that do not understand the difference between planning and forecasting will not be as successful as the organizations that do. This is because looking at the numbers of what something might look like and what it should look like are two different ways of planning. For a business to be successful the need to focus on planning so their predictions are what the future should look like to be successful and stay on the right path. Budgets are also incorporated with strategy and planning, they all intertwine together. â€Å"A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan for a defined period of time† (businessdictionary.com). Several different factors can be associated within a budget such as sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities, costs and expense, assets and liabilities, and even cash flows. The budget â€Å"expresses strategic plans of business units, organizations, activities or events in measurable terms† (Evaluating the Performance of an Organization, 2012). For a company to have success in their daily operations they need to make sure the stay on budget and current with all of their projects. Many organizations create a budget for each plan however they do not follow through with the budget. It is one thing to create a budget for a product and it is another thing to actually follow through with the budget and make sure everyone stays on track. If the company goes over budget then the planning and strategy process were not calculated correctly. Everyone involved within the project needs to be familiar with the strategy, plan and budget aspects to keep the organization successful and continue moving forward instead of always having to back track. It is easy to get off of track or to change the plan in the middle of the project. It is up to the organization and the team responsible for the project to keep the budget that they were assigned. Works Cited NYCWagner. (2011). Retrieved August 21, 2013, from http://www.NYCWager.com Evaluating the Performance of an Organization. (2012). Retrieved August 1, 2013, from http://www.smallbusinessnotes.com/managing-your-business/business-ethics.html#ixzz2afud6KU0 Business Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved July 30, 2013, from http://www.businessdictionary.com Ferrell. (2011). Business Ethics. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Kirby. (2012). Accounting Principles. McGraw. Zain, B. (2011). Strategic Management. Pittsburg: McGraw.

The Hope Bill Essay -- essays research papers

The HOPE Bill In the year 2024, the world has grown to increase its size to 24 billion people worldwide. The increase in the population has caused the destruction of most farmland in the world, causing it to look underwater for a supply of food. Private enterprises are currently farming and selling food that comes from underwater regions of the world. However, a vast majority of the world is still not being fed. On a percentage basis, though, we have fewer people unemployed than in 1996. However, that still means that over a hundred million people are unemployed and double that are on welfare or homeless. As a result, I am sponsoring a bill to the senate that will address this problem. The HOPE program, Helping Others acquire Pride and Emancipation, will help the unfortunate people gain pride in what they do. The HOPE will give back the pride that people need and deserve. It will put people into a more productive and rewarding job by emancipating them out of the life each person is leading. Twenty years ago, in the year 2004, the world implemented a youth program that was the exact opposite of Hitler's Youth. For example, the program gives kids a feeling of self-confidence, and they become more tolerant of others and their views. The program places all kids in situations to learn of other cultures and to gain a caring and understanding in all situations, people caring for the plight of others. In the fourth through the sixth grade, all kids are required to complete at least 5 hours of community service each week; in high school, they are required to complete ten hours a week. This program has caused the world to gain a more caring, empathetic attitude towards the well-being of others. "The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few or the one." This was the groundbreaking program that people had been waiting for so that a program like mine could enter the senate. To solve the problem of the unemployed, the homeless, and the welfare recipients, I will propose a new bill, talk about the arguments against my bill, and present solutions to the arguments. The first part of the plan is to have a world-wide benefit to raise money to help pay for the program. Jerry Lewis raised millions of dollars for muscular dystrophy. In the year 2000, a cure for this debilitating disease was found as a result of these "telethons". People will donate... ... and adding to the budget of the world. As incomes of individuals increase, they will spend more money. Corporations will increase their revenues because of these expenditures. When companies make more money, they have the ability to expand their capacity. Thus, new jobs will be created, jobs that the newly trained and educated workers can fill. In conclusion, the world has had numerous depressions. The most devastating of these were in the 1930's and 2010's. For more than two centuries, the United States has argued and fought over welfare and unemployment. Many people today still want to do away with both programs. We need to remake the Declaration of Independence where all men have certain unalienable rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This bill provides the atmosphere and environment for those less fortunate to pursue these rights. The lagniappe of this bill, the world receives much needed food and gets to encompass additional productive grateful citizens. Look to your heart before you vote on this bill. Only one conclusion is possible: why has it taken us so long to adopt such measures? I thank you for your understanding and sponsorship of this HOPE program.

Knowledge Questions for Unit Hsc Essay

As a candidate, make sure you describe and explain your actions. | | | | | | | |Knowledge Questions for Unit HSC 44 | | | | | | | |5 | | | |Who draws up the Code of Practice for Social Care? | | |The General Social Care Council. | | | | | | | |6e | | | |Outline features of systems used in Lincolnshire in respect of confidential reporting of issues of concern. | | | |The council has its own policy which helps to inform on bad practice, difficulties between staff members and complaints ect. This is| | | |the ‘whistle blowing’ policy and it was designed in order to protect those wishing to make a complaint and to avoid such things as | | | |victimization. Although anonymous, complaints are still dealt with the same seriousness as named complaints although it is preferred| | | |that applicants with complaints should not be anonymous. | | | | | | | | | | |7 | | | |When the Children’s act 2004 was published it contained some major changes for the way in which services were to be delivered. Take | | | |one and explain in your own words the advantages this brings for the wellbeing of children and their families. | | | |The Childrens Act 2004 brought about many changes and most significant was the Every Child Matters campaign that runs along side the| | | |2004 act. For the Act itself the main change that helps in the work that I do is the implementation of the CAF. This works in line | | | |with the need for inter-agency working. I think this is one on the most crucial changes of the Act, and as the Victoria Climbie | | | |inquiry showed many agencies were involved with the case and through lack of communication, information sharing and joint working | | | |Victoria Climbie died at the hands of her aunt. One of the many advantages is local authorities drive for inter-agency working. | | |Through this many agencies are trying to change their way of working and with the help of the CAF more agencies are invited to the | | | |first meeting when a child has been shown to have additional needs. On the whole the process is proving to be more focussed on the | | | |child and family and this reduces any stigma for the families as in the past most cases where always referred to social workers. | | |Families and children are now seen more often and social workers can now focus on the more complex and child protection cases. | | | |Through inter-agency wo rking families and children are given the help that meets their needs and reduces the need for long term | | | |involvement. | | | | | | | | | | |8a | | | |Outline the features of the Dfes initiative â€Å"Building a Culture of Participation† | | | |This initiative is led by the government in their commitment to allow children to have a say in how policies affect them and to | | | |contribute to how a service is delivered. By listening to children and young people it ensures that policies and services are | | | |designed around their needs. This leads to better outcomes for children, young people and families. It also allows for policies to | | | |be effectively evaluated and evolve as necessary. | | | | | | | | | | | |9a | | | |Outline the Common Assessment Framework. Explain why this Government initiative has been introduced and its purpose. | | | |The CAF was implemented in 2006 in order to have a universal assessment form that could be used by all agencies and professionals. | | | |This was in line with some of Lord Laming’s recommendations after the Victoria Climbie enquiry. As a universal document it reduces | | | |the need for repetitive assessments and focuses more on the child and family and multi agency working. The CAF process can start at | | | |any time once it has been identified that a child has an additional need. Once agreed all information is shared between the agencies| | | |involved again reducing the chance of a child ‘falling through the system’. As the CAF is aimed at early intervention some one such | | | |as a school teacher can be the lead professional allowing more serious cases to be dealt with by social workers. As children can | | | |often have what was once deemed as minor issues and not warrant the classification as a child in need, through the CAF they are | | | |classed as having additional needs which allows professionals to work with the child and family. Once a child that has been | | | |highlighted as a CAF they can move in and out of the system as identified issues arise. | | | | | | | | | | |9bc | | | |Summarise the targets of the combined health and education initiative â€Å"Healthy schools†. | | | |The national healthy schools programme promotes a whole school approach to health. The programme is a joint initiative between the | | | |department of health and the department for children, schools and families. It aims to deliver benefits for children on improvement | | | |in health, raise pupil achievement, more social inclusion and a closer working between health promotion providers and education | | | |establishments. | | | |The public health white paper choosing health (2004) set a challenging target for 75% of schools to achieve healthy school status by| | | |2009 and for all schools to work towards this target. Through a planned curriculum schools can promote learning and healthy | | | |lifestyle choices. The four core themes within the programme are: | | | |Healthy eating | | | |Physical activity | | | |PSHE | | | |Emotional health and well-being. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |12 | | | |How does the Joint Annual Review shape the way in which Children’s Services are delivered locally. You may wish to discuss | | | |Lincolnshire’s last JAR and comment on how the recent Service restructuring has been a result of this. | | | |The Children’s Act requires joint area reviews to be conducted in each children’s services authority area. The multi-disciplinary | | | |team of inspectors review all services provided to children and young people aged 0 – 19. There are around 42 key judgements which | | | |relate directly to the five outcomes highlighted in the every child matters framework. Through the Lincolnshire JAR report published| | | |in March 2007 it was proved that there was a need for better facilities for all children aged 0 – 19. There are now plans to develop| | | |a further 23 children’s centres by 2008. Through this service restructuring the aim is to shift the balance of services from | | | |interventionist to a preventative approach. The strengthening families will work with partner agencies to deliver the five outcomes | | | |for the every child matters. This is where children’s services as a targeted service interface as part of a universal service. | | | | | | | | | | |16e | | | |Identify the risks to effective working caused by stresses on the work force and recommend what action can be taken. | | | |When work becomes too stressful for an individual it can cause a knock on effect throughout the staff team and the cases in which | | | |the individual is working on. The individual can start to have more days off sick which could cause other staff members to add to | | | |their workload in taking on those individuals cases. Stress can also cause the individual to lose direction and focus in the cases | | | |they work on and this can result in a reduced quality of service for those particular families. | | | |Stress in the work place can be identified early and then reduced by regular supervision. Supervision gives the individual a chance | | | |to discuss their cases and anything that might be causing them to feel stressed. Supervisors are then able to help supervisee’s in | | | |managing there stress before it gets to the point where it affects all that they do. Staff meetings are another opportunity to get | | | |together on a regular basis with other team members as it’s a chance for everyone to discuss their working role as well as any | | | |difficult cases they may have. This gives a chance for positive reinforcement by the manager on the work that is being done and also| | | |a chance to ‘brainstorm’ ideas that might help with the work. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |17 | | | |Explain in a short paragraph how the Social Model of disability affects children and their families which you work. | | |The social model of disability says that people are disabled not by their impairment, but by society that does not take account of | | | |their needs and prevents them from having full access to society due to physical, communication and social barriers. A large | | | |majority of the families that I work with fall into the category of being disabled by society. Those families that are most | | | |disadvantaged are those living in poverty. Families face multiple stresses which can affect a child’s needs. If a parent struggles | | | |to provide an adequate environment for a child this will impact on the child’s developments and the parent’s capacity to care for | | | |the child. | | |CHILD A | | | |CHILD B | | | | | | | |No dependence on social security benefits | | | |Household receives multiple enefits | | | | | | | |Two parent family | | | |Single adult household | | | | | | | |Three or fewer children | | | |Four or more children | | | | | | | |White | | | |Mixed ethnic origin | | | | | | | |Owner occupied home | | | |Council or privately rented home | | | | | | | |More room than people | | | |One or more persons per room | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |18a/b | | | |See 8a above. | | | | | | | |18d | | | |Using Lincolnshire County Councils Competency framework, explain how you would assist a member of your team to develop skills in | | | |risk management with regards to child protection. You need to be specific to an individual competency. | | |Using competency number 8 –Analysis and Judgement. I would be able to assist the member of staff in the above question. As part | | | |of the competency it requires the individual to look closely at the work they do and how it could be improved. Part of this is | | | |through having a broad range of information about an issue. In this particular instance it would be child protection. This could be | | | |done in-house through regular supervision. This can be through asking the individual to research up to date information and then | | | |having a question answer session on the information they have found. This shows that the indivual has done what is requested and | | | |demonstrates that they have an understanding of the subject that they would then be able to take into their work practice. Another | | | |useful development skill would be to assign the individual to a child protection case that was held by a social worker. The indivual| | | |would gain insight into the process of how child protection is identified and then managed. This hands on approach would give valued| | | |knowledge and development without risk to the family involved. | | | |Finally a child protection training course would be beneficial to the individual to again further develop there knowledge of the | | | |subject. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |19 | | | |What impact does placement disruption potentially have on the wellbeing of Children In Public Care. You should relate your answer | | | |the recent Government paper ‘Care Matters’ | | | |Most children who end up in care experience multiple moves. It is standard that three or more moves constitutes as placement | | | |stability. Child development theories say that repeated movements jeopardize the opportunity for children to develop secure | | | |attachments with carers and trusting relationships with adults. Children with behaviour problems, prior instability and the age of | | | |the child at placement have all been found to be important factors in placement instability. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |24 | | | |List 3 types of evidence that would be valid in court. Explain your rational behind each one. | | | |1) Video Evidence- For children 14years and under. Also for children classed as a vulnerable witness. Video evidence reduces the | | | |need for a child to be in court and to be face to face with the perpetrator. | | | |2) Court reports – These are factual based evidence which follow a mandatory guideline for completing. | | | |3) Records – Records are an essential source of evidence for investigations and inquiry’s, and may also be used in court | | | |proceedings. Therefore it is essential that any records on a child are clear and accurate and ensure that there is a documented | | | |account of an agency’s or professional’s involvement with a child and/or a family. | | | | | | | | | | |25 | | | |Provide three examples of recording information that might be deemed discriminatory and explain why, in at least one of these | | | |examples, the discrimination might pass without comment. | | |1) The child is ‘missing’ from the record – This doesn’t mean that the child hasn’t been mentioned at all, but that their wishes and| | | |feelings, their views and understanding of their situation, are not recorded. The absence of a child from the record suggests to the| | | |reader that no work has been done with the child, or that the child has not been involved in any work. | | | |2) Facts and opinions are not differentiated – Failing to differentiate between fact and opinions can result in the significance of | | | |some information being overlooked, or opinions becoming accepted as facts and which could influence the management of the case. If | | | |opinions and judgements are not substantiated in the record it can be difficult to explain how these were made to family members who| | | |access the records especially if the case holder who wrote them is no longer working within the agency. | | | |3) The record is not written for sharing. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |This account must (except in the case of responses to questions) be authenticated by at least one of the following | |Work products seen | | |List | | |Witnessed by— |Name |Sign |Expert | |Include on witness list | | |Y/N | |I confirm the authenticity of the |Signature of Candidate | |work above |DATE 31. 03. 08 | |I confirm the judgements claimed |Signature of Assessor |TICK IF OBSERVED | |above |DATE | | ———————– EV 5

Competency Differences between Associate degree Nurse and Baccalaureate degree nurse. Essay

Competency Differences between Associate degree Nurse and Baccalaureate degree nurse This essay will explore the differences in competencies for nurses prepared at the associates and baccalaureate degree levels. Both degrees allow the nurse to enter in to the field of nursing as a Registered Nurse . The American Association of colleges of Nursing believes that education significantly impacts the knowledge base and competencies of nurse (AACN2010). BSN and ADN nurses have the same skills need to care for the patient’s, the BSN prepared nurse builds  upon these skills. Educational preparation for both degrees includes a core curriculum focusing on preparing the nurse for acquired to in the clinical setting. There are the educational pathways for Registered Nurses. An associate degree nurse enters a two year community college program, earning a student in associate degree in nursing, a three year diploma program offered by hospitals and a four year university or college program, earning the student a bachelor’s of science degree in nursing. The associate degree program were first introduced in 1958 to relieve the shortage of nurses post world war. The program focused on providing direct care for a patient with a well- defined common diagnosis. Facilities have protocols which the nurse takes direction from and refers to for guidance. ADN curriculum is technical in nature focusing on task oriented clinical skill, while considering patient health conditions and need. ADN nurses understand the needs for standardized data collection and assist in obtaining data in a comprehensive manner Competencies set forth for AND’S intend to center on caregiver, councilor, and educator Activities (LUCY J HOOD 2009). ADN maintains accountability for her own actions and those of other health care peers for which she delegate task. ADN nurses assess, implement and plan Running head: Competency Difference between Associate and Baccalaureate degree nurse 2 patient care from admission to discharge. BSN NURSES BSN educational program last for four years. Baccalaureate curriculums include emphasis on critical thinking, research, leadership, management and community health . BSN nurses have excellent problem solving skills and have independent decision making capacities . The BSN program graduates assume the same responsibilities of the associate degree nurse yet their role is far more expanded. The baccalaureate nurse incorporates the physical, social, spiritual, intellectual, and emotional components to address the overall health of the individual. Applying theory of nursing knowledge from evidence bases research in a holistic view of the individual, and their community. BSN nursing knowledge is based on theory and research which allows opportunities to teach, assume a leadership role in the health care environment. BSN nurses not only provide more complex aspects of daily care and patient education, but also design and co-ordinate a comprehensive plan of nursing care for the entire length of a patient’s stay from pre-admission to post-discharge , including supervising nurses’ aides and other unlicensed assistive personnel, designing discharge and teaching plans for patient’s and collaborating with patient. Physicians, families and of the hospital departments and resource personnel. An example of differences in patient care, ADN and BSN nurse are as follows. (Patient situation) A 76 year old female patient admitted with the diagnosis of breast cancer to the oncology department . Cancer care technician arrives, providing daily care of a patient. An RN Running head: Competency Difference between Associate and Baccalaureate degree nurse 3 Arrives, welcome the patient, oriented the room, call bell, introduced staff, checks the vital  signs, assess the skin, treatments given for the wound and evaluate the plan of care. A nurse with BSN degree is responsible for the co-ordination of all care provided, after assessing the patient and family needs. The nurse with a BSN collaborates with the physician, physical therapy pastoral care services, social worker and implement a plan of care for the patients based on their health care needs. The AACN â€Å"states the road to BSN, prepares the new nurse for a broader scope of practice across a variety of inpatient and outpatient setting† (AACN, 2010) . With the increase in  complexity of today’s health care system, patient’s ,along with advances in technology, our health care requires more highly educated nurses. We as nurses embrace education that prepares us to provide the best care possible for our patients. Running head: Competency Difference between Associate and Baccalaureate degree nurse 4 References American Association of colleges of health of nursing (2010). The impact of education on nursing practice. Retrieved from American ASSOCIATION OF Nursing website: www. aacn. nche. edu/media/ factsheets/ impactednp. htm HOOD, L. J. (2010).

DIE LENIN essays

DIE LENIN essays solo un pensamiento sale de mi mente veo letras extra creo que se estan comunicando conmigo. sera que estan hablando con mi subconsiencia? la respuesta no la se......creo que me estoy las voces regresan a mi cabeza........empiezo a leer las letras del monitor. me siento seguro....cada que leo una palabra en el.........monitor. Te tengo lejos....pero leo tus palabras y no se como lo hace mi consiencia, pero tengo la sensacion de escucharlas aunque nunca eh escuchado tu voz. Cada palabra que escribes esconde un significado que se clava en mi pensamiento al cual trato de Un enigma que esconde tu cara.. que esta siendo reflejada en el monitor en este preciso instante que Te conosco: veo tu cara por el monitor, trato de dibujarla en mis pensamientos, con cada palabra Tu palabra que roba parte de mi alma y se enga al dibujarte en mi mente y construye una imagen tuya, de una persona que no conosco pero que Si alguna palabra fuera "linda" en este "planeta" en tu planeta creo que no llegaria a decribirte. le robarias el titulo y su definicion. BELLA, HERMOSA, SEXY, PRECIOSA son solo palabras que no tienen significado. la persona quien te las dice es un tonto, un ingenuo porque no las pronuncia con la passion necesaria para describir a una criatura tan hermosa como tu. las palabras no se dicen, se usan como herramientas, para describir los sentimientos y pensamientos que lleva un ser en su alma. aunque su alma este llena de dolor y desilucion yo te brindo estas palabras que salen de mis pensamientos que estan llenas de passion. cada palabra esconde un pensamiento que si se utiliza bien pinta un rostro en el alma de alegria y creo que yo te conosco aunque nunca eh visto tu cara yo te veo en mis pensamientos y sabes me gusta la ...

How to Write an Informative Essay on Art in Late Antiquity

How to Write an Informative Essay on Art in Late Antiquity If you need help with writing an informative essay on art in late antiquity, below is a quick writing guide. Creating your informative essay on art in late antiquity is not as difficult as many students think. It frames the research paper, but differs from it a great deal. When you are working with an informative essay on art in late antiquity type assignment, the first thing you should do is to think about a proper topic. Using brainstorming techniques can help you to narrow down a potential topic. You will have to use a brainstorming method to narrow down your focus to something feasible. Depending upon the required length of your informative essay on art in late antiquity and the subject you may have to be careful not to select a topic which is too broad. You can focus on one particular time, person, place, group, or event to otherwise narrow down the topic that you have. Instead of writing about the medias influence upon female body image you can narrow down your research paper to the impact of fashion magazine advertisements for adolescent body image. Once your topic has been narrowed down to something more manageable you will be up to focus on a particular type, time, or person or place. If you need to write a larger informative essay on art in late antiquity and you have to broaden your topic you may need to include information that makes it possible to cover 20 pages or more. If you are writing about a particular event, person, or subject you may be able to expand your topic by including additional people, places, events, or groups. Successfully composing your informative essay on art in late antiquity begins with starting the writing process early. Just because you do not think that you are ready to begin the writing process does not mean that you should avoid it. Sometimes the simple act of writing something down helps you to get into the exploration and discovery which will lead to improved draft writing. Additional Tips: Do not limit yourself to writing your introduction first. Many students worry that they have to be in with the introduction because it is the first part of their research paper. But this is not true. The sooner you start on your writing, the easier it will be to get into it, even if you will need multiple revisions. If you need three informative body paragraphs and you only have the one you want to include last, start writing that paragraph. You do not have to write the informative essay in the order it will be presented to the reader. Hope this guide will help you get the most out of your assignment. We also offer to your attention 10 facts for an informative essay on art in late antiquity and 20 subtopics plus 1 sample essay for additional help.

Brosimum alicastrum, The Ancient Maya Breadnut Tree

Brosimum alicastrum, The Ancient Maya Breadnut Tree The breadnut tree (Brosimum alicastrum) is an important species of tree that grows in the wet and dry tropical forests of Mexico and Central America, as well as in the Caribbean Islands. Also known as the ramà ³n tree, asli or Cha Kook in the Mayan language, the breadnut tree usually grows in regions that are between 300 and 2,000 meters (1,000-6,500 feet) above sea level. The fruits have a small, elongated shape, similar to apricots, although they are not particularly sweet. The seeds are edible nuts which can be ground and used in porridge or for flour. The Breadnut Tree and the Maya The breadnut tree is one of the dominant species of plants in the tropical Maya forest. Not only its density very high around ancient ruined cities, particularly in the Guatemalan Petà ©n, but it can reach a height of around 40 m (130 ft), producing abundant yields and with several harvests possible in one year. For this reason, it is often still planted by modern Maya near their homes. The widespread presence of this tree near ancient Maya cities has been explained variously as: The trees could be the result of a human-manicured or even deliberately-managed tree farming (agro-forestry). If so, it is likely that the Maya first simply avoiding cutting the trees down, and then eventually replanted breadnut trees near their habitations so that now they propagate more easilyIt is also possible that the breadnut tree simply grows well in the limestone soils and rubble fill near ancient Maya cities, and the residents took advantage of thatThe presence could also be the result of small animals such as bats, squirrels, and birds which eat the fruits and seeds and facilitate their dispersion in the forest The Breadnut Tree and Maya Archaeology The role of the breadnut tree and its importance in ancient Maya diet has been at the center of many debates. In the 1970s and 80s, archaeologist Dennis E. Puleston (son of the famous environmentalist Dennis Puleston), whose unfortunate and untimely death prevented him from further developing his research on breadnut and other Mayan subsistence studies, was the first to hypothesize the importance of this plant as a  staple crop for the ancient Maya. During his research at the site of Tikal  in Guatemala, Puleston recorded a particularly high concentration of this tree around the house mounds compared to other species of trees. This element, along with the fact that the breadfruit seeds are particularly nutritious and high in proteins, suggested to Puleston that the ancient inhabitants of Tikal, and by extension of other Maya cities in the forest, relied on this plant as much as or perhaps even more than on maize. But Was Puleston Right? Furthermore, in later studies Puleston demonstrated that its fruit can be stored for many months, for example in subterranean chambers called chultuns, in a climate where fruit usually rots rapidly.  However, more recent research has significantly decreased the role and importance of breadnut in the ancient Maya diet, defining it instead as an emergency food source in case of famine, and linking its unusual abundance near ancient Maya ruins to environmental factors more than human intervention. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Mesoamerica , and the Dictionary of Archaeology and the guide to Plant Domestication. Harrison PD, and Messenger PE. 1980. Obituary: Dennis Edward Puleston, 1940-1978. American Antiquity 45(2):272-276. Lambert JDH, and Arnason JT. 1982. Ramon and Maya Ruins: An Ecological, not an Economic, Relation. Science 216(4543):298-299. Miksicek CH, Elsesser KJ, Wuebber IA, Bruhns KO, and Hammond N. 1981. Rethinking Ramon: A Comment on Reina and Hills Lowland Maya Subsistence. American Antiquity 46(4):916-919. Peters CM. 1983. Observations on Maya Subsistence and the Ecology of a Tropical Tree. American Antiquity 48(3):610-615. Schlesinger V. 2001, Animals and Plants of the Ancient Maya. A Guide. Austin: University of Texas Press Turner BL, and Miksicek CH. 1984. Economic Plant Species Associated with Prehistoric Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands. Economic Botany 38(2):179-193 Updated by K. Kris Hirst

Reflection Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Reflection Paper - Assignment Example The reading I liked most is the one concerning transportation emissions and its effects on the land use as it involves such issues as environmental pollution. The part of commute emissions and the experimental design was very interesting. I also liked the behavior model that explained the route choice and the experiments accompanying the theory. However, I did not like the topic on traffic lights, as the diagrams were no easy to understand especially the calculations. The four engineering projects in the lecture are travel behavior dealing with research on travel behavior and approaches and technologies to travel surveys. SUTRN dealing with system simulation and their evaluation and lifecycle analysis was another project in my Monday lecture. Another project was the automated class dealing with autonomous vehicles, infrastructure, and congestion during transportations. Transportation emissions that relates transportation and land use was also one of the projects together with commuter emissions. The most interesting transportation-engineering project was commute emissions that described the employees commuting options to work. The employees such as different types of vehicles, bicycles, and walking used different means of transport methods. Walking and cycling are less likely to emit pollutants to the environment as compared to vehicle transport. I found it interesting due to its applicability on a daily basis in many countries as countries try to regulate the amount of carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Transportation engineering is very important in our daily lives as it helps engineers and governments plan on matters related to transport in their countries. Transport planning is very important especially in overpopulated cities to enable the effective flow of traffic and prevent congestion. Any research on transportation is important